Study Findings

Abstract Summary: Scientists did an experiment to see if they could make vaccines faster using a special method called "transient transfection." They tested two HIV vaccines made in different ways but both mixed with a special ingredient to help the body's defense system. They wanted to see if the vaccines were safe and if they helped the body create protection against HIV. They found that both vaccines were safe and worked well. Almost all the people who got the vaccines developed a good defense against HIV. This study shows that using the faster method to make vaccines is a good idea and could help us test and make new vaccines quickly.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study called SONAR to see if a medicine called atrasentan can help people with type 2 diabetes who also have a kidney problem that gets worse over time. They wanted to know if this medicine worked the same for men and women. They gave some people the medicine and others a fake pill (placebo) and watched what happened to their kidneys and if they had to go to the hospital for heart problems. They found that the medicine helped women's kidneys more than men's and slowed down the damage. But, women taking the medicine had more heart problems than men. Women also had more of the medicine in their blood than men. This means that doctors might need to give different amounts of the medicine to men and women to make sure it's safe and works well. The study helps us understand that the same medicine can work differently for men and women.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors did a study to learn more about a heart problem called bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), which is when a person is born with a heart valve that has two parts instead of three. They wanted to see if changes in a specific part of the DNA, called 22q11.2, are connected to BAV. They looked at the DNA of 272 people with BAV and their family members. They found that some people with BAV had rare changes in the 22q11.2 area that were not seen in most people. These changes were also found in their families and were linked to having BAV at a young age or having more serious heart problems. The study suggests that checking for these DNA changes could help doctors figure out who might have more serious heart issues and need special care.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors give women with a certain type of breast cancer a special medicine to take by mouth to help stop the cancer from coming back. But sometimes, women have a hard time sticking to their medicine schedule because it can make them feel bad or other reasons. Researchers looked at how a special app on the phone that helps women keep track of their medicine and how they feel could make it easier for them to take their medicine regularly. They had some women use the app, some use the app and get feedback, and some just get extra attention without the app. They checked to see who used the app a lot, who liked the app, and if using the app helped women take their medicine more than 80% of the time. They found that 35% of the women used the app a lot. Younger women, White women, women who had a harder time understanding health information, and women who didn't live in big cities liked the app more. Women who used the app a lot were more likely to take their medicine regularly. The study shows that using an app can help women with breast cancer take their medicine as they should, which can help them stay healthy. It's important for doctors to help women use tools like this app to keep track of their medicine.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if special tests and computer programs could help find eye problems in people who had a small injury to their brain, even if they think they can see just fine. They looked at adults who had this kind of brain injury and compared them to people who didn't. They did a bunch of eye tests and also took pictures of their brains. They found that the people with the brain injury had some trouble with their eyes that the tests could see, even when the people didn't notice any problems themselves. This means that using these tests and computer programs could really help doctors figure out if someone's eyes are not working right after a small brain injury.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if where a woman lives affects how much trouble she has with bladder control, which can make life hard. They asked over a thousand women with bladder control issues to answer questions about their symptoms and how it affects their happiness. They also looked at where the women lived to see if their neighborhoods had a lot of challenges like poverty or less access to good schools and healthcare. They found that women living in places with more problems had more severe bladder issues and were less happy because of it. This study shows that the health of women with bladder control problems can be linked to the problems in their communities. It's important because it can help us figure out which neighborhoods might need extra help to make life better for the women living there.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists have been studying how not having enough money affects kids' behavior and emotions, especially when they have behavior problems between the ages of 3 and 8. They noticed that when parents don't have much money, it's harder for them to help their kids get better, even with special parent training programs. To learn more, researchers looked at 54 families with not a lot of money and kids who didn't listen well. These families tried a program called Helping the Noncompliant Child. They found that the families with the most money problems didn't see as much long-term improvement in their kids' behavior after the program. The study didn't find that money problems changed how quickly kids started to listen during the program, though. This research helps us understand that for families with less money, we might need to do more to help them keep their kids on track after they finish a behavior program.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how a special kind of low-strength brain stimulation affects the part of the brain that controls movement. They used a machine to send magnetic pulses to the brains of 20 older people who were right-handed. They did this three times with different strengths or a pretend (sham) treatment. They measured how the brain's movement area responded, both where they stimulated and on the other side of the brain. They found that the brain's response changed a little bit when they used the magnetic pulses, but these changes were not very big and were only seen during the treatment. The changes depended on how the person's brain worked before the treatment. The results help us understand how this brain stimulation works, but more research is needed to see how it can help people with brain diseases.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if eating late affects blood sugar levels in people who are a bit heavy and have early signs of diabetes or actual diabetes, but are keeping it under control with diet or medicine. They had 26 people join the study. Some ate most of their food after 5 pm (Later Eaters), and some did not (Early Eaters). They found that the Later Eaters and Early Eaters were similar in size and how much they ate every day, but Later Eaters had more carbs and fats after 5 pm. When they checked their blood sugar levels after drinking a sugary drink, the Later Eaters had higher blood sugar levels, even when the scientists considered their weight, body fat, how much they ate, and what they ate. This was true even for those who didn't have full-blown diabetes yet. The study shows that eating late might make it harder for the body to handle sugar, which is important for everyone to know, especially people who are trying to avoid diabetes or manage it.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to help women who worry a lot about how they look. These worries can be part of different mental health problems. The women in the study got one of two kinds of help through their smartphones for a month. Both groups got daily texts with checklists and reminders to stop certain behaviors. One group focused on stopping actions that were about hiding or fixing their looks to feel better (like wearing lots of makeup). The other group worked on stopping unhealthy behaviors that weren't about looks. In the end, the group that worked on looks-related actions felt better about their looks and had fewer eating and social worries, even after the study ended. The study shows that getting help through texts could be a good way for women to feel better about how they look.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if a special diet full of natural foods, like the kind recommended in the U.S. food guidelines, could help adults and kids who might be close to getting a type of sugar sickness called prediabetes. They gave 8 families food and advice for 2 weeks and checked if they liked the diet and could stick to it. Most families finished the study, and the adults lost a little weight while the kids ate healthier. The families mostly liked the diet even though it was sometimes hard to follow. The study showed that this diet could be good for families who are trying to avoid getting prediabetes, but more research is needed to be sure.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a new program called Mindful and Self-Compassionate Care (MASC) to help people who take care of others with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. These caregivers often feel stressed, especially when dealing with difficult behaviors. The MASC program teaches them how to be calm and kind to themselves while also learning how to manage challenging behaviors. First, the researchers talked to 28 caregivers in small groups to understand their stress and needs. They used this information to create a 6-week online course. Next, they tested the course with a small group of caregivers to see if it was helpful and easy to use. Finally, they will do a bigger test with 80 caregivers to make sure the program works well. The caregivers liked the idea of the program and thought it could be useful, especially when they learned how to use the new skills in their daily care routines. The full results of the study will be ready by the end of 2025. This research could lead to better support for caregivers, making their tough job a little easier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if the age of a person's brain can predict if their depression will come back. They looked at older people who had depression before but were feeling better, and compared them to healthy people. They used a special computer program to guess the age of everyone's brain at the start and then watched to see if the depression came back over two years. They found that the brain's age didn't really change between the healthy people and those who had depression before, and it didn't help guess who would get depressed again. This was surprising because other studies thought the brain's age could be different in older people with depression. This information is important because it tells us that the age of the brain might not be a good way to know if someone's depression will return.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied how hearing loss might affect people's thinking skills and daily activities over time. They looked at two groups of older adults: some with normal thinking skills and some with mild thinking problems. They found that people who said they had trouble hearing also seemed to have their thinking skills and ability to do daily tasks get worse faster than those who didn't report hearing problems. However, hearing loss didn't seem to make it more likely for someone to develop serious thinking problems. This study helps us understand that having trouble hearing might be linked to how well our brains work as we get older.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study called EAGLES to see why people from different parts of the world quit smoking at different rates. They looked at 8,144 smokers from 16 countries and checked things like how much money people make, how much cigarettes cost, and the rules about smoking in each country. They found that people in places with stricter smoking rules and higher cigarette prices were more likely to stop smoking. Also, in richer countries, fewer people quit smoking. This study helps us understand that making cigarettes more expensive and having strong rules about smoking can help more people quit smoking.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn about how people with a bladder condition called interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) deal with their symptoms. They looked at two ways people cope: trying to control the situation or giving up on dealing with it. They used information from 677 women with IC/BPS to see how these coping ways are linked to feeling upset or having more symptoms. They found that almost everyone tried at least one way to cope in the last week. The way people coped was connected to how stressed or depressed they felt. When they also considered the type of pain the person had, they could better predict who would feel depressed. This study helps us understand that the way people try to handle their bladder condition can affect their feelings. Knowing this can help create better ways to support people with IC/BPS.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand why some people's blood pressure goes up or down when they eat more or less salt, which can be bad for the heart. They thought that a special part of our cells, called JAK2, might be responsible when it works with other cell parts. To find out, they did a bunch of tests on human blood cells and mice, including checking blood pressure, looking at the heart, and studying how cells behave and talk to each other. They found that when there's a lot of salt, JAK2 makes cells act in a way that raises blood pressure. But when they stopped JAK2 from working in mice, their blood pressure didn't go up with more salt. This means that JAK2 could be a clue to help doctors figure out why some people's blood pressure changes with salt and how to treat it.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to help teenagers and young people who have bipolar disorder take their medicine regularly. They tried a special program called CAE-AYA and compared it to the usual way of helping. They checked if the young people took their medicine using a special pillbox that records when pills are taken and by asking them. They also looked at how the young people felt, checking their mood for signs of depression or mania. They found that the special program might be better at helping these young people take their medicine and feel less depressed. But they're not totally sure because there were some problems with the study, like missing information. They think this program could be helpful, but they need to learn more.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if certain signs of blood vessel problems in the brain could help us understand Alzheimer's disease better. They used special brain scans called MRI and PET scans to look at these signs, which include tiny brain bleeds, small strokes, and bright spots on the MRI that show damaged areas. They studied a lot of people's brain scans and found that the bright spots and the tiny bleeds on the surface of the brain were often seen in people who also had signs of Alzheimer's on their PET scans. However, the relationship between these signs and Alzheimer's changed depending on how bad a person's memory and thinking problems were. They created a new way to predict if someone might have Alzheimer's by looking at these brain scan signs and other simple tests. This study helps doctors think about using different kinds of tests to diagnose Alzheimer's disease.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to help people who have trouble feeling happy or motivated, which can be a sign of different mental health issues. They tested two ways to help: one called Behavioral Activation Treatment for Anhedonia (BATA) and another called Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). Adults who were having these problems tried one of the two methods for a few weeks. They found that both ways helped people about the same amount, and there wasn't one that was better than the other. This is good news because it means there are different options that can help people feel better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are doing a study to see if a special online program can help kids whose parents have tummy troubles (like IBS) avoid getting chronic pain themselves. They think that when parents are very attentive to their kids' pain or show their own pain a lot, it might make kids more aware and worried about their own pain. So, they're testing an online program called REACH to teach parents ways to respond better and help their kids feel better and not go to the doctor as much. They're inviting parents with IBS who have kids between 4 and 7 years old to join the study. The parents will either use the REACH program or just get some safety tips online. The researchers will check on the families over a year and a half to see if the program helps the kids by changing how parents act when their kids are in pain. If it works, this could help lots of kids not get chronic pain and save money on doctor visits. The study's details are on a website called ClinicalTrials.gov, and it started on February 15, 2023.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study (HVTN 119) to see if a new kind of HIV vaccine would be safe and work well in people who don't have HIV. They made a vaccine from special parts of the virus that don't change much and tested it against another vaccine. They gave 50 people the vaccines and 6 people a saltwater shot with no medicine in it. Everyone got shots 4 times with a helper ingredient to make the vaccine work better. They checked to see if the people's bodies were okay with the vaccine and if their immune systems (the body's defense against germs) reacted by making T cells (fighter cells) and antibodies (germ catchers). Both vaccines were safe, and the new vaccine made the immune system respond better, especially when it was given with the full-length virus part. This means the new vaccine helped the body recognize and prepare to fight HIV better. This study is important because it shows that vaccines that focus on the parts of HIV that don't change much could help the body fight the virus better. This could be a big step in making a really good HIV vaccine for everyone.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if special patches that give a small amount of nicotine could help older people who feel very sad and have trouble thinking clearly, even when they take medicine for it. They tested these patches on people over 60 who didn't smoke. These people wore the patches for 12 weeks. The doctors checked if they felt less sad and if their thinking got better. They found that most people felt a lot happier and their brains worked better, especially when they had to control their thoughts. The patches didn't cause many problems, and most people were okay with wearing them. This study was just a first step, so more tests are needed to make sure these patches are safe and really work over time.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists believe it's important to share simple summaries of their studies with everyone, not just other scientists. However, making these easy-to-understand summaries takes a lot of time and money, and there isn't always a good way to share them with the public. This study tested if a computer program called ChatGPT could help by making short, clear summaries of complicated science papers. They checked if the summaries were correct, relevant, easy to understand, clear, and not misleading or harmful. The computer program did a great job! It made accurate and relevant summaries for 33 different science papers. Most of the 34 people who read these summaries found them easier to understand and clearer than the original science papers. They also didn't find anything wrong or harmful in the summaries. Thanks to this study, a website called ResearchMatch, which helps find people for studies, can now use ChatGPT to automatically create and show these simple summaries for over 750 studies. This means more people can learn about research easily, which can help them trust and make better decisions about science.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special kind of talking therapy could help kids who felt really bad after being bullied about their weight. They worked with 30 kids between 11 and 17 years old who felt stressed because of the bullying. The therapy lasted for 12 weeks and most kids stuck with it and liked it. After the therapy, the kids felt better about themselves, didn't think about their weight all the time, ate in a healthier way, and weren't as sad. More than half of the kids also did better in their daily lives. But, some ways the kids saw the world didn't change much, so the scientists think adding more to the therapy could help even more. This study shows that this kind of therapy could really help kids who are hurt by weight bullying.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if people who might not have good toilets or plumbing at home in the United States have problems with going to the bathroom and feeling stressed or sad. They asked 4,218 adults to answer questions about their health, how they live, and their toilets at home. They found that 17% of these people didn't have good access to toilets or plumbing. These people had more trouble with bathroom issues, felt more bothered by these problems, and were not feeling as good mentally and physically. They also felt more anxious, stressed, and depressed, and didn't have as much support from friends or family. Plus, they had to do things that weren't good for them just to manage going to the bathroom. The study shows that not having a good toilet or plumbing can make people feel bad in many ways.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to learn more about how the body's fat cells, especially those just under the skin, are involved in insulin resistance (IR), which is when the body doesn't respond well to insulin and can lead to obesity. They studied the activity of different genes in the fat cells of 220 people. They found a group of 35 genes that can tell if someone has insulin resistance. They noticed that some genes in fat cells help protect against insulin resistance, while others, especially in immune cells, can make it worse. They also found that the fat under the skin and the fat deeper in the belly act similarly when it comes to insulin resistance. After some people had surgery to lose weight, the activity of these genes changed. This study helps us understand that not only the deep belly fat but also the fat just under the skin is important in insulin resistance, which is linked to diabetes and heart disease. This information could help doctors better understand and treat these conditions.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if they could use blood tests to guess how much of a certain protein called amyloid is in the brain. This protein can show if someone might get Alzheimer's disease. They used a special machine to measure amyloid in the brain and then tried to predict these measurements using two things in the blood: pTau217R and Aβ42/Aβ40. They tested their ideas on over 900 people with different stages of memory health. They found that using pTau217R in the blood was really good at guessing the amyloid levels in the brain, even better than using another method that checks the fluid from the spine. When they combined pTau217R with Aβ42/Aβ40, the predictions got even better. This is important because it means that a lot of people might not need to have a big machine scan their brain to check for Alzheimer's disease. Instead, they could just have a simple blood test. This could help doctors find out who needs more testing and who doesn't, making it easier and faster to look after people's brains.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors want to help women with a certain kind of early breast cancer take their medicine regularly because it can stop the cancer from coming back. But sometimes, the medicine can make them feel bad, and they might not take it as they should. To see if they could help, doctors did a study with 304 women. They gave some women an app to track when they took their medicine and how they felt. Some also got special text messages with advice. Another group just got regular care. They found that the app and texts didn't help women take their medicine more, but those who got texts went to the doctor less and saved money on healthcare without feeling worse. This study shows that while the app and texts didn't help with taking medicine, they did help in other ways.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a medicine called canagliflozin could help people with type 2 diabetes who are at risk of heart problems or have kidney disease. They looked at over 14,000 people to see how often they had to go to the hospital for heart failure. They found that people who took canagliflozin didn't have to go to the hospital as much for heart problems. This was true for people with different levels of kidney health. The medicine helped prevent not just the first time someone went to the hospital, but also if they had to go back again. This is good news because it means that taking canagliflozin might help a lot of people with diabetes stay out of the hospital and have healthier hearts.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying how being overweight affects the way the body fights cancer. They found that in overweight people, certain immune cells called macrophages, which help the body fight cancer, act differently. These cells turn on a signal called PD-1 when they're around cancer. This signal usually tells the immune system to slow down, which can make it harder for the body to fight cancer. But, when doctors use special medicines that block PD-1, it helps these immune cells work better. This could be why overweight people sometimes respond well to these medicines. The study helps us understand how being overweight changes the way our immune system works against cancer, and it might help doctors treat cancer better in overweight patients.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if certain signs of blood vessel problems in the brain can help tell if someone has Alzheimer's disease. They used special brain scans called MRI and PET scans to look for these signs in 1,352 people. They found that two signs, called white matter hyperintensities and cerebral microbleeds, were often seen in people who had Alzheimer's. This means that checking for these signs could help doctors figure out if someone has Alzheimer's. The study shows that it's important to learn more about how these brain blood vessel signs can help in diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if therapy could help people who don't feel pleasure, a problem called anhedonia. They used a special brain scanner to look at parts of the brain deep inside the head in 116 people. These people tried two kinds of talking therapies to see if they would start feeling better. The researchers checked if the size of certain brain areas changed with therapy and if these changes were linked to people feeling less anhedonia. They found that even though people felt better after therapy, the sizes of those brain parts didn't change. This means that the size of these brain parts might not be a good way to tell if therapy is working for anhedonia.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a big study to see if a special medicine called SGLT2 inhibitors can help people with diabetes who also have kidney problems. Diabetes can make it more likely for someone to get sick with heart or kidney diseases. The researchers looked at information from many different studies that included over 65,000 people. They found that this medicine can lower the chance of dying from any cause or from heart problems. It also helps to prevent serious heart events and keeps people from going to the hospital for heart failure. Plus, it's good for the kidneys and doesn't cause low blood sugar as much as some other treatments. This is really important because it means this medicine could help lots of people with diabetes and kidney disease stay healthier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if taking medicine right after a scary event can help stop a serious problem called PTSD. They looked at different medicines to see if they work and if they're safe. They checked a lot of information and studies with 779 people in them. Some people got a sugar pill (placebo) and some got real medicine. They wanted to know if the medicine could make people feel less scared or stressed later on, and if it could help them live their lives better without making them feel sick or worse. They found out that they can't be sure if the medicines really help or not. The results weren't clear because there weren't enough people in the studies, and they didn't all measure things the same way. They also didn't look at how the medicines might affect how people live their day-to-day lives. The scientists say they need to do more research with more people and check on more things to really understand if these medicines are good for people who have been through something really scary.

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Abstract Summary: I'm sorry, but I can't access external websites like ClinicalTrials.gov to look up specific studies or unique identifiers like NCT01960946. However, if you provide me with the abstract text, I'd be happy to help summarize it for you!

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have higher blood pressure (BP) over a day and if it's linked to their body's inflammation. They had 46 people with RA and 23 people without it wear a BP monitor for 24 hours. The monitor checked their BP during the day and night. They also tested their blood for signs of inflammation. They found that even though their BP at the doctor's office was the same, people with RA had higher BP when measured over the whole day and night. Their BP didn't go down as much as it should when they slept. This higher BP and smaller nighttime dip were connected to more inflammation in their bodies. This study is important because it shows that people with RA might have higher BP that isn't caught at the doctor's office, and it could be because of inflammation. This could help doctors better watch and treat BP in people with RA.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are trying to figure out the best way to pay people who join research studies. They want to pay enough to be fair, but not so much that people join just for the money. In a pretend study, grown-ups were asked to join a research project using their phones. They could get paid between $0 and $50. They had to answer questions, write about things they were thankful for every day, and do a tapping task on their phone for two weeks. Most people said yes to joining, no matter how much money was offered. But, people did more tasks when they were paid more, up to $25. After that, paying more didn't make a difference. Even though the study was easy and people said the money mattered a bit, only about 1 in 3 did all the tasks. This study helps us understand why people might join and stay in studies that use phone apps.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special kind of therapy that helps people focus on good feelings can make people with sadness or worry feel happier. They worked with 88 people between 18 and 55 years old who felt very sad or worried. These people tried a therapy called Amplification of Positivity (AMP) and played a game where they could win or lose money while their brain activity was watched with a special machine. The researchers wanted to see if the way people's brains reacted to the chance of winning or losing money before the therapy could tell us who would feel happier after the therapy. They found that people whose brains were more active when they might lose money felt happier after the therapy. This study helps us understand that how our brains react to possibly losing something might help us know who will feel better with this kind of therapy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special program could help young people with type 1 diabetes feel less scared of their blood sugar dropping too low, which is called hypoglycemia. They had 50 young people try either this new program, called FREE, or a regular diabetes class for 8 weeks. They wore devices to check their blood sugar all the time. The researchers found that the kids who did the FREE program were less scared of low blood sugar than the ones who just learned about diabetes. Even though their blood sugar levels and how much these levels changed didn't improve a lot, feeling less scared is a good thing. This study shows that the FREE program might help young people with diabetes worry less about their blood sugar.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if certain exercises could help older women who had cancer treatments feel stronger and less tired. They had women between 50 and 75 years old do different exercises like tai chi, strength training, or stretching for six months. They checked to see if the women felt less weak, tired, slow, or inactive after doing these exercises. They found that the women who did strength training were more likely to feel less frail compared to those who just stretched. Tai chi also helped, especially with making the women feel less tired. The study suggests that exercises focusing on building strength or doing tai chi can help older women who had cancer treatments feel better and more active.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying new medicines that might help with Alzheimer's disease, a sickness that affects the brain. They want to make sure that people from all different backgrounds can join in these studies. They looked at two ways to test if someone can be in the study: a blood test and a special brain scan called PET. They tested 4,905 people and found that the number of people who could join the study after the blood test was different for different racial and ethnic groups. But, once people passed the blood test, the brain scan showed that everyone, no matter their background, had the same chance to join the study. This means that the blood test works well for everyone, but it seems like not as many people from certain groups have the signs of Alzheimer's that the study is looking for. This information can help make sure that everyone has a fair chance to be part of research on new Alzheimer's medicines.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors did some big studies (CREDENCE, DAPA-CKD, and EMPA-KIDNEY) to see if certain medicines could help people with sick kidneys. They wrote down all the details on a website called ClinicalTrials.gov and gave each study a special number so people could find them easily. They tested the medicines on lots of people to make sure they were safe and worked well. They found out that these medicines can really help protect the kidneys and keep them working longer. This is great news for everyone because it means there are new ways to help people with kidney problems stay healthier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called brexpiprazole could help people who feel very sad and worried all the time, a condition known as major depressive disorder with anxious distress. These people didn't feel better after taking usual depression medicines. The study included 746 patients, and they were given either brexpiprazole or a pretend pill without any medicine (placebo) along with their regular depression medicine for 6 weeks. They found that the people who took brexpiprazole felt less sad, less worried, slept better, ate better, and could do their daily activities better than those who took the pretend pill. This means that adding brexpiprazole might help people with depression and anxiety who don't get better with just the usual medicines.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if certain blood markers are linked to heart and kidney problems in people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease. They checked the levels of these markers in 2602 people who were either given a diabetes medicine called canagliflozin or a placebo. They found that people with higher levels of certain markers had a greater chance of having heart and kidney issues. The medicine didn't really change the levels of these markers. This research helps us understand that testing for these markers could tell doctors who is at higher risk for serious health problems.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called escitalopram, which helps people feel less sad, might not work well for kids whose parents have a type of mood problem called bipolar disorder. They wanted to know if certain differences in the kids' genes could make them feel more restless or even hurt themselves when taking this medicine. They gave the medicine to kids and teenagers between 12 and 17 years old who had a parent with bipolar disorder and watched for any bad reactions. They also checked their genes and how much medicine was in their blood. They found that kids who broke down the medicine slowly in their bodies had more of it in their blood for longer and were more likely to feel really restless. Also, certain gene differences made it more likely for kids to hurt themselves or others. But they need to study more kids to be sure about these results. This research helps us understand that sometimes, the way our bodies handle medicine and our genes can change how we react to the medicine.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if smartphone apps help teenagers and grown-ups who weigh more than is healthy. They looked at studies where people used apps to try to be more active, eat better, or feel more confident about their health. They compared people who used these apps to those who didn't do much or used other methods like personal coaching. They found that apps might help a little, but they're not sure. Some studies showed that apps didn't really change how much people exercised or their body weight after a year. They also didn't find much difference in how people felt about their health or their eating habits. They checked a lot of studies, but the results weren't clear because the apps were all different. They also said we need more research, especially for teenagers and people in different countries or from different backgrounds. For now, doctors should think carefully before suggesting these apps because we don't know how much they help. More studies are coming, so we might learn more soon.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if people with type 2 diabetes and obesity use more energy when resting and during the day than people without diabetes. They used special tests to measure body fat and muscle, blood sugar levels, and how much energy people used. They found that people with higher blood sugar and more belly fat used more energy. Also, people whose diabetes wasn't well-controlled used more energy than those who had their diabetes under control. This research helps us understand that when people have diabetes that isn't well-managed, their bodies might need more energy. This is important for doctors to know when helping people with diabetes plan their diets and manage their health.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists looked at how a medicine called canagliflozin helps people with type 2 diabetes, especially those who already have heart problems or are at risk of getting them. They used information from two big studies that included lots of people with diabetes, some with kidney disease too. They found that canagliflozin was good at lowering the chance of having heart issues or kidney problems, no matter if the person already had heart disease or not. This is important because it means that this medicine can help lots of people with diabetes stay healthier by protecting their hearts and kidneys.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists do experiments called clinical trials to find out if medical treatments are safe and work well. Sometimes, these trials involve many hospitals and can be hard to do right, which can make the results not very helpful. To fix this, a group called the Trial Innovation Network was made. They use what hospitals already have and come up with new ways to do things better. This study talks about the problems they found and the new ideas they used to make clinical trials better. They also share how they put these ideas into action so that more people can use them. This helps make sure that when doctors treat patients, they are using the best and safest methods.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn about a brain problem called traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES), which they think might happen because of repeated head injuries. They asked 507 older people (around 70 years old) about their health, if they played contact sports for many years, and if they had certain symptoms like memory problems or mood changes. They found that about 1 in 4 of these older people had symptoms that could mean they have TES. But, interestingly, having played contact sports a lot didn't make it more likely for someone to have TES. Instead, people who felt sad or anxious, or had trouble sleeping, were more likely to have these symptoms. Some people who never had head injuries also had symptoms like TES. This means the way doctors decide if someone has TES might mix it up with other health issues, and they need to be careful not to make the wrong diagnosis.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if two medicines could help people on dialysis with inflammation and trouble using insulin, which can make them lose muscle and energy. They tested 24 patients, giving some a medicine called IL-1ra, some another called pioglitazone, and some a fake pill for 12 weeks. They checked for inflammation and how the body made and broke down proteins. Most patients were African American, and a few had diabetes. Everyone finished the study safely. The pioglitazone group had less inflammation, but overall, the medicines didn't really change how the body handled proteins. This was just a first test to learn more.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn more about a brain problem called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which can happen to people who have had many head injuries. They used a special brain scan called PET to look at a substance called tau, which builds up in the brains of people with CTE. They compared the brain scans of 104 ex-professional football players, 58 ex-college football players, and 56 older men who never had lots of head injuries. They found that the football players had more tau in certain parts of their brains. Older players over 60 showed a link between tau and the number of times they hit their heads while playing. But the scans couldn't tell if someone had the symptoms of CTE. More research is needed to understand how tau affects the brain after many head injuries. This study is important because it helps us learn how playing football might change the brain and how to tell if someone has CTE.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special theater program could help adults with autism get better at social skills. Autism makes it hard for people to interact with others, and there aren't many treatments for adults. They had 47 adults with autism, ages 18 to 40, try out the program. Some started right away, and others waited a bit (the waitlist group). They checked how well the program worked by looking at how the adults remembered faces, how they thought, how they acted in social situations, and how they got along in everyday life. They found that the adults who did the theater program got better at remembering faces and improved in talking to others, understanding social cues, and wanting to be social. These improvements were still there two months later. This study shows that the theater program might be a good way for adults with autism to improve their social skills.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called canagliflozin could help people with a kind of kidney disease that happens because of diabetes. They looked at two things in the blood, angiopoietin 2 and VEGF-A, to see if they were connected to heart and kidney problems. They tested the blood of 2,565 people with this kidney disease, both before and after giving them the medicine or a placebo. They found that people with higher levels of angiopoietin 2 had more health risks, but this wasn't true for VEGF-A. The good news is that the medicine canagliflozin helped lower the levels of angiopoietin 2. This drop in angiopoietin 2 seemed to explain some of the good effects of the medicine on the heart and kidneys. VEGF-A levels didn't really change and didn't seem to affect people's health in this study. So, the big takeaway is that canagliflozin might be a helpful medicine for people with kidney problems from diabetes because it lowers angiopoietin 2 in the blood.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if teaching older people with fibromyalgia (a condition that causes pain all over the body) how to feel more positive could help them feel better. They had 95 people over 50 years old join the study. These people were split into two groups. One group learned special skills for five weeks to help them notice and enjoy good things, understand their strengths, set goals, be mindful, think positively, be thankful, and do kind things. The other group just reported on their feelings. They checked how the people were doing before, right after, and one month after the study. Most people finished the study and liked it a lot. The group that learned the special skills felt more positive, less negative, and didn't think about their pain in a bad way as much as the other group. These good changes stayed even one month later. The more people practiced these skills, the less they felt bad about their pain. This study shows that learning to feel more positive through the internet can really help adults with fibromyalgia feel better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a new way to help people with a mental health issue called borderline personality disorder (BPD). They want to see if watching special videos online can help these people feel better. The videos will teach them about BPD and how to handle it. There will be 100 adults who have just found out they have BPD taking part in the study. They will be split into two groups. One group will watch the BPD videos, and the other group will watch videos about other mental health topics. Everyone will answer questions every day about how they feel and act. They will also take some tests on the computer. Some people will get extra help by getting feedback on how they're doing. The study will check if the videos and the extra feedback can make people with BPD feel less lonely, less sensitive to feeling rejected, think clearer, and understand themselves better. If this works, it could lead to more studies and help lots of people with BPD in an easy and cheap way. The study's details are saved on a website called ClinicalTrials.gov with the number NCT05358925.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to help older people who are really scared of getting Alzheimer's disease or similar problems. They wanted to see if a special short program could make them feel better and improve their lives. They had 81 older people try two different programs. Both programs taught them about the disease and how to be aware of their fears without letting them take over. One program also had extra activities to help people stop avoiding things they were scared of. They checked on the people for a few weeks to see how they were doing. The good news is that both programs helped the people feel less scared and less likely to avoid things because of their fear. They also felt better about their memory, were less anxious and sad, and enjoyed being with others more. The program with the extra activities was even better at helping with sadness. This study is important because it shows that a short program can make a big difference for older people who are worried about losing their memory and can help them stay active and happy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if they could get better information about volunteers who want to join research studies. They thought that using electronic health records (EHR) could help. They tried this idea on a big list called ResearchMatch that helps match volunteers with studies. They made a system where volunteers could let their health information be added to their ResearchMatch profile. They asked people what they thought about this and then tested it with 100 patients. They found that profiles with health record information had more details about health conditions and medicines. Also, these profiles were finished faster. This could help volunteers find the right studies more easily.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if changes in blood pressure over time could make older people more likely to become frail. They looked at over 13,000 people who were 65-70 years old and healthy. These people didn't have memory problems, trouble moving around, or heart disease when the study started. The researchers checked their blood pressure several times over three years and then watched them for up to nine years. They found that older adults whose blood pressure went up and down a lot were more likely to become frail than those whose blood pressure stayed the same. This was true even when they considered other health factors and whether the person was taking medicine for high blood pressure. The study shows that for older adults, keeping blood pressure steady is important for staying strong and healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special kind of thinking exercise called mindfulness meditation can help people with long-lasting back pain. They had 59 people with this kind of pain try either real meditation or a pretend meditation. They also gave them a medicine that usually blocks pain relief or a saltwater shot that does nothing. They found that both real and pretend meditation helped reduce the pain more than just resting. But the real meditation was better at easing pain during the leg-raising test and also helped people feel less pain in their daily lives. This means that mindfulness meditation might help with back pain in a way that doesn't involve the body's usual painkillers.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how kids' feelings about their family's money (SSES) and their family's actual money situation (OSES) are linked to their body size and eating habits. They found that when kids feel like their family has less money, they might want to eat more, especially if their family really does have less money. Also, when a family has less money, kids might have more body fat. This study helps us understand that both how kids feel about money and their family's real money situation can affect how much they eat and their body size. It's important to think about both of these things when trying to help kids stay healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying new ways to find out if someone might get Alzheimer's disease by looking at special signs in their blood. They checked levels of certain proteins in the blood of people who might get Alzheimer's. They found that by measuring these proteins, they could guess who might have signs of Alzheimer's in their brain scans. They made a special app that uses this information to help doctors guess better. This could help people get into studies for new Alzheimer's treatments earlier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out why some older people don't get heart diseases even when they have a high chance of getting them. They thought these people might have special genes that protect their hearts. To find out, they looked at the genes of over 12,000 older people who didn't have heart diseases. They found two special parts in a gene that seemed to help keep these people's hearts healthy. This gene helps control the levels of good and bad fats in the blood, which are important for heart health. They checked their findings with another big group of older people and found the same thing. People with these special gene parts had better fat levels in their blood and a lower chance of getting heart diseases. This discovery is important because it could help us understand how to protect more people's hearts as they get older.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special tool that listens to baby talk can help tell how well babies might learn to talk later, especially babies who might have a higher chance of autism because they have brothers or sisters with autism. They had 20 babies with autistic siblings and 20 babies with non-autistic siblings wear a recording device for a whole day, twice in one week. They wanted to see if the sounds the babies made could predict their language skills now and in the future. They found that the tool worked pretty well for the babies with autistic siblings if they checked a few times. But it wasn't as good for the other babies. The tool didn't really show if the babies with autistic siblings would have language problems later. For the other babies, it did a better job of guessing how well they would talk later on. In the end, the study says that this tool might not be the best way to guess if a baby with a higher chance of autism will have trouble with language as they grow up.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn more about the fat that surrounds the heart, called pericardial adipose tissue (PAT). They wanted to see if having more PAT could cause heart problems, even if a person doesn't have too much fat elsewhere on their body. They looked at heart scans from over 28,000 people and used special computer tools to measure the PAT. They also checked the people's genes to find any that might be linked to having more PAT. They found 12 spots in the genes that were important, and two of these spots were really special because they were connected to three genes that might explain why some people have more heart fat. They also used a special method to see if having more PAT could actually lead to changes in the heart that aren't good, like making it harder for the heart to pump blood. The study showed that certain genes can make a person have more fat around their heart, and this can lead to heart problems. This information is important because it helps us understand that where fat is in the body can affect heart health, not just how much fat there is overall. This could help doctors find new ways to keep hearts healthy by focusing on PAT.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors often give people with kidney problems special medicines to help their kidneys work better. But sometimes, they have to stop these medicines because they can cause other issues. This study looked at whether a different kind of medicine, called SGLT2 inhibitors, can help people keep taking their kidney medicines without having to stop. They found that people who took SGLT2 inhibitors didn't have to stop their kidney medicines as much. This is really good news because it means that people with kidney problems might be able to take their medicines longer and stay healthier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to find a better way to measure how well treatments work for kidney problems. They created a new system called a "hierarchical composite end point" (HCE) that looks at different results from treatments and decides which ones are more important. They tested this new system by looking at past studies where people with kidney disease took different medicines. They found that this new system showed the same results as the old way of measuring, but it was better because it could tell which treatments were more important for people's health. This new system could help doctors and scientists understand how well treatments work for kidney problems.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if certain medicines could help adults who had a type of brain bleed that happens suddenly, without an injury. They looked at studies where patients got either the medicine being tested or a fake medicine (placebo) or no extra treatment. They wanted to know if these medicines could stop the bleeding from getting worse and help patients get better. They found 20 studies with 4,652 patients and looked at different medicines. Some studies tested a medicine called rFVIIa, but it didn't really help patients avoid death or serious health problems. Another medicine, called antifibrinolytic drugs, didn't change the chances of dying or having serious health problems either, but it did help a little to stop the bleeding from getting worse. Giving patients platelet transfusions seemed to make things worse, not better. They also looked at a treatment called PCC compared to another one called FFP, but they weren't sure if it was helpful or not. The doctors said that more studies are being done, and those might give clearer answers about how to help people with this kind of brain bleed.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a new program called Drivingly to see if it helps young drivers have fewer car crashes. Young drivers have a lot of crashes, which can hurt people and cost a lot of money. The Drivingly program teaches teens and their parents how to be safer on the road. Teens and their parents who are learning to drive in Pennsylvania can join the study. They get special lessons online, parents talk to a coach, and teens practice driving with an expert. The researchers will see if the teens who do the program have fewer crashes reported by the police in their first year of driving. This study is important because it could help us find better ways to keep young drivers safe.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a big study from 2016 to 2022 to learn about a condition called lipedema that affects women. Lipedema can make legs swell and feel painful. They asked 707 women with lipedema and 216 women without it about their symptoms, pain, and what treatments they tried. They found that women with lipedema often started having symptoms when they hit puberty or during pregnancy. These women had more leg swelling, especially in the heat, bruised easily, walked differently, felt like they had the flu, had stretchy joints, cool skin, big veins, and felt very tired. Many also had arm problems, and some had swollen or painful feet. Diet and exercise didn't really help over half of them. Some treatments they used were special tight clothes to help with swelling, weight loss surgery, and surgery to remove fat from their legs. The study showed that women with lipedema have a lot of pain and other problems that aren't well-known, and we need to learn more about how to help them.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a new kind of medicine could help people with epilepsy, a brain problem that causes seizures. Some people with epilepsy don't get better with regular medicine, so the scientists wanted to see if medicines that change the immune system could help. They looked at three studies with 172 people who had a type of epilepsy that starts in one part of the brain. The new medicine seemed to help reduce seizures better than a fake medicine with no active ingredients. But they weren't sure if people would stop taking the new medicine because of side effects, like feeling dizzy or having a stomachache. They also didn't know if it would make people's thinking skills or how they felt about life any better. The scientists think more studies are needed to be sure if this new medicine is good for people with epilepsy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out if people who still felt very tired and had trouble thinking clearly long after getting better from COVID-19 might not have enough of a body chemical called growth hormone. They looked at 10 people who had these problems and compared them to 13 people who got better without these issues. They checked their blood for different things like sugar, fat, hormones, signs of swelling, and vitamins. They also asked them questions and did tests to see how well their brains worked. The study found that the people with lasting tiredness and brain fog felt worse overall, slept poorly, felt sad, and had tummy troubles compared to those who got better without these problems. Even though they felt like their thinking wasn't good, the tests didn't show a big difference between the two groups. The tired group didn't have signs of swelling or problems with another body chemical called adrenaline, but they did have less growth hormone. This study is important because it shows that people who don't feel well for a long time after COVID-19 might have a problem with their growth hormone, and this could be why they have stomach issues and feel so tired.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a big study to see if certain medicines can help people with autism calm down when they feel really upset or hurt themselves. They looked at lots of research and found 131 studies with 7014 people. They checked if the medicines were better than a pretend pill (placebo) or other treatments. They found that some medicines called atypical antipsychotics might help a lot with getting less irritable, but they weren't sure if they helped with aggression or self-injury. These medicines might make people feel dizzy or hungry. Another kind of medicine for ADHD might help a little with irritability, but they didn't know if it helped with self-injury, and it might make people feel tired or have headaches. They also looked at neurohormones and antidepressants, but these didn't seem to help much, and they might make some people feel less energetic or pay less attention. In the end, they think that atypical antipsychotics could really help with irritability and maybe self-injury, but all these medicines could have some side effects. They're not totally sure, though, because the studies weren't perfect. This information is important for doctors and people with autism to think about when choosing medicines.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if playing American football, which can cause lots of hits to the head, might make players more likely to get a brain problem called Alzheimer's disease when they get older. Alzheimer's disease can make it hard for people to remember things and take care of themselves. The researchers used a special brain scan to look for signs of Alzheimer's in former professional and college football players, some of whom were having memory problems, and compared them to men who never played contact sports. They checked 237 men between 45 and 74 years old. The brain scans did not show more signs of Alzheimer's in the football players, even in those who played a lot or had memory issues. This means that the memory problems in these football players might not be caused by Alzheimer's. This is important for doctors to know when they are trying to help players who have memory problems after many hits to the head. It also matters for legal reasons, like when players need to prove their health problems are because of football.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists do big studies called multicenter clinical trials to test new treatments and help everyone's health. These studies can be hard to do, so in 2016, a group called the Trial Innovation Network (TIN) started helping by working with lots of medical schools. TIN helps solve problems that make these studies slow or difficult. They've made tools and ways to talk quickly so that studies can start faster, include people from different places, and work better. TIN has connected over 60 places into a team that makes these big studies better and faster. They help with planning, finding people to join the studies, and sharing information. This has been really important for dealing with big health problems like the opioid crisis and COVID-19. Because of TIN, new treatments can get to patients quicker, which is great for everyone's health.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a big study to see how different kinds of talking and activity therapies help adults who have been hurt by sexual violence. They looked at many studies from all over the world and found that these therapies can really help reduce bad feelings and stress. Most of the people in the studies were women, and the therapies included things like talking about feelings, learning how to deal with tough emotions, and doing special exercises like yoga. The therapies seemed to work well right after treatment, but the scientists aren't sure if they help in the long run. They think more research is needed, especially to see if these therapies help men and people with very bad stress from the violence. They also want to compare different kinds of therapies to find out which ones are the best.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied how having extra sex chromosomes affects kids' height and weight. Usually, girls have two X chromosomes and boys have one X and one Y. But sometimes, kids have extra X or Y chromosomes, which can change their growth. The researchers looked at 177 kids with different combinations of extra sex chromosomes. They found that kids with a certain number of extra chromosomes were taller and heavier, but if they had even more, they started to be shorter and lighter. They also checked 177 kids over time and noticed that as these kids got older, they kept growing taller compared to other kids their age, but their weight didn't increase as much, so they became less heavy for their height. This study helps us understand how having extra sex chromosomes can affect kids' growth, which is important for doctors to know when taking care of these kids.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn more about a chemical in the blood called alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) and how it might be connected to heart disease and diabetes. They checked the levels of 2-AAA in two groups of people: one group was healthy, and the other group had either HIV or diabetes, which can make heart problems more likely. They found that men and Asian people had more 2-AAA than women and people of other races. Also, people with higher 2-AAA often had unhealthy cholesterol and fat levels. In people with HIV, having diabetes also meant having more 2-AAA. The study showed that 2-AAA could be a sign that someone might have heart or weight problems. The scientists think more research is needed to understand why 2-AAA is linked to these health issues in different kinds of people.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to help regular people learn how to use a special nose spray to save someone who has taken too much of a strong pain medicine called opioids. They made a program called the Opioid Rapid Response System (ORRS) to teach people and see if it works. They tested it in Indiana with adults who weren't already trained to help in emergencies. They found out that people liked to join the program to help their community more than just for personal reasons. After training, these people knew more about how to tell if someone has taken too many opioids and felt more sure they could help. They also weren't as worried about helping, but their willingness to help didn't change much because they already wanted to help a lot. This study shows that teaching people online is a good way to quickly spread the knowledge on how to save lives with the nose spray.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called atrasentan can help people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease by lowering insulin resistance (IR), which is when the body doesn't use insulin well. Insulin is important because it helps sugar get into cells for energy. They looked at data from two big studies with people who have diabetes and kidney problems. They found that when IR was higher, people had more heart and kidney problems. They also discovered that taking atrasentan made IR lower. This is good news because it might mean that atrasentan can help protect the hearts and kidneys of people with diabetes.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied how body fat works in people with HIV because they have a higher chance of getting diseases like diabetes. They looked at fat cells from 59 people with HIV who had different health levels. They found that people with trouble processing sugar had more fat-related immune cells and memory cells that fight infections. These cells were also talking to each other in a way that could lead to more inflammation and scarring. Even though people with HIV and diabetes had similar changes in their fat cells as people without HIV, the way their cells communicated was different. This research helps us understand that immune cells in fat are important in controlling inflammation in people with HIV who have diseases like diabetes.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called canagliflozin helps adults with different body sizes stay healthy. They looked at over 14,000 people, many of whom were overweight, to see if the medicine could prevent heart problems, help kidneys work better, and control blood pressure and weight. They found that canagliflozin was good at reducing the risk of heart issues and helping kidneys, no matter the person's body size. It also helped people lose weight and lower their blood pressure, but the amount varied for different body sizes. This study shows that canagliflozin is safe and works well for adults with different body sizes to keep their hearts and kidneys healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors did a study to see if a medicine called atrasentan could help with pain in people who have diabetes and kidney problems. They gave some people atrasentan and others a fake pill (placebo) to compare what happened. They found that the people who took atrasentan had less pain and didn't need as many painkillers, including common ones that can hurt their kidneys. This is good news because it means there might be a safer way for these patients to feel better without using medicines that can make their kidney problems worse.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists looked at how a medicine called brexpiprazole affects people with depression and a higher chance of getting diabetes when it's added to their usual treatment. They used information from three studies that lasted 6 weeks and one study that lasted up to a year. They wanted to see if the medicine changed people's blood sugar levels, diabetes status, or weight. They found that most people who took brexpiprazole didn't have big changes in their blood sugar or diabetes status in both the short and long term. People did gain a little bit of weight, but not too much. This means that brexpiprazole doesn't have a big effect on blood sugar or diabetes but can cause some weight gain. This information can help doctors and patients make better choices about treating depression in people who also have to watch out for diabetes.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to help people with type 2 diabetes who also have a kidney problem that can cause heart issues. They wanted to find the best way to predict who might get sicker and see if a medicine called canagliflozin could help. They tested 2,627 people and looked at four different things in their blood that might show signs of heart and kidney stress. They found that the levels of these things in the blood were higher than normal for most people in the study. After one year, the people who didn't get the medicine had their levels go up a lot, but the levels didn't go up as much in the people who took canagliflozin. The scientists also found that if these blood levels were high to start with, the person was more likely to have heart or kidney problems. In conclusion, checking these four blood levels can help predict health problems in people with type 2 diabetes and kidney issues, and taking canagliflozin might slow down the increase of these levels. This is important because it could help doctors take better care of their patients.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out if having low levels of certain hormones could make older women feel depressed. They looked at Australian women who were 70 years or older and not taking any hormone medicines. They tested the women's blood to measure their hormone levels and asked questions to see if they were feeling depressed. They found that women with very low levels of two hormones, testosterone and oestrone, were a little more likely to feel depressed compared to women with higher levels. But, the difference was not very big. They also noticed that another hormone, DHEA, was only linked to feeling depressed when they included women taking antidepressants in their study. The study shows that for older women not on hormone medicines, having lower levels of certain hormones might be connected to feeling depressed, but it doesn't make a big difference. This information could help doctors understand why some older women feel depressed.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did an experiment to see if a special vitamin called nicotinamide riboside (NR) can help the body's immune system work better. They tested this on immune cells from healthy people and people with a skin condition called psoriasis. They found that NR made these cells less likely to create substances that can cause inflammation. The study also showed that NR helps protect cells from stress and boosts their defense systems. When they gave NR to healthy people, it had similar good effects. This research suggests that NR might be helpful for people with diseases that involve inflammation, like psoriasis.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a neighborhood that's easy to walk in and a phone app could help people exercise more. They looked at 512 adults who didn't move around much and lived in different kinds of neighborhoods. Some neighborhoods were easy to walk in, and some were not. They also looked at whether the neighborhoods were rich or not so rich. The study lasted a year, and people got text messages with goals for walking. Some got goals that changed, and some got the same goals. They also got rewards—some right away and some later. The researchers found that changing goals helped people in less walkable places exercise more. Getting rewards right away helped too, especially in places that were already good for walking. This study shows that making exercise plans that fit where people live can help them be more active.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if new malaria vaccines could help stop the spread of malaria in Mali, where people often get the disease. They tested two vaccines, Pfs230D1 and Pfs25, on adults who had experienced malaria before. The vaccines were given in four doses over about 16 months. They wanted to see if the vaccines were safe, if people's bodies accepted them, and if they could stop mosquitoes from getting malaria when they bite people. They found that both vaccines were safe and that people's bodies responded well to them. The Pfs230D1 vaccine worked better than the Pfs25 vaccine. It helped stop mosquitoes from getting malaria for a longer time. They also tried giving both vaccines together, and this worked well too. The study showed that the Pfs230D1 vaccine could be a good way to help stop the spread of malaria. This is important because it means there might be a new tool to fight malaria, which can make a lot of people very sick or even cause death.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are trying to help adults with spinal cord injuries (SCI) exercise more because it's often hard for them to stay active. They face problems like not being able to get to places where they can exercise, not finding places that are easy for them to use, and sometimes they don't believe they can do it. The study is testing a new way to exercise at home using videos and the internet. It's called the SMART-HEALTH program and it involves moving to music. They want to see if people like this program and will stick with it. They're checking if people start the program, keep doing it, and how well it works. Some people will get extra help or different kinds of support if they're not sticking to the program. They started looking for people to join the study in June 2022 and will finish collecting information by September 2023. They'll share what they learn by March 2024. They hope this study will show that exercising at home with videos is good for people with SCI and that it can help them keep exercising on their own. This could lead to better ways to help people with SCI stay active and healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called metformin could help older people's muscles recover better after they had to stay in bed and not move much. When people don't move, their muscles can get weak and sore, and this can be worse for older people. The study had 20 older men and women take either metformin or a fake pill before and during 5 days of bed rest. Then they stopped taking the pills and started moving again for 7 days. The researchers found that the people who took metformin didn't lose as much muscle strength and didn't get as much muscle soreness as those who took the fake pill. This means metformin might help older people's muscles stay strong and healthy when they can't move around for a little while.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called sodium oxybate could help people with a shaky voice, a condition where muscles in the throat move without control. This shaking can make the voice sound wobbly or change volume unexpectedly. It's hard to treat, especially when compared to shaking in the arms or legs. In the study, people with shaky voice took the medicine and then had a special brain scan called an MRI. The researchers wanted to see if the medicine made the shaking less and what it did to the brain. They found that after taking the medicine, most of the people's voices got a lot better—about 40% better! This improvement happened about 40 minutes after taking the medicine and lasted for around 3.5 hours. The brain scans showed that the medicine made certain parts of the brain work more normally and helped these parts communicate better with each other. This is good news because it means sodium oxybate might be a new medicine that can help people who have a shaky voice, especially if their condition gets better when they drink alcohol.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how certain growth factors in the body, which help cells grow and stay healthy, are linked to heart and kidney problems in people with type 2 diabetes. They looked at 2627 people with diabetes and kidney disease who were either given a diabetes medicine called canagliflozin or a placebo. They checked the levels of these growth factors when the study started, after one year, and after three years. They found that people with higher levels of a growth factor called IGF-1 often had worse kidney function at the start. Also, those with higher IGF-1 levels were more likely to have serious kidney and heart problems or to die from these issues. The medicine didn't really change the levels of these growth factors. This study is important because it shows that the amount of IGF-1 in the body could help doctors figure out who might have a higher risk of heart and kidney problems if they have type 2 diabetes. This could help in taking care of their health better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to learn more about how older people with depression feel different symptoms and how they respond to a depression medicine called escitalopram. They asked 89 older adults to tell them about their feelings, like if they were sad, didn't care about things, worried a lot, couldn't sleep, or were really tired. These adults also took some thinking tests and told the scientists how their symptoms affected their daily lives. Then, the adults took either the real medicine or a pretend pill for 8 weeks, and they shared how they felt again at the end. The scientists found that feeling really tired or not being able to sleep was linked to having a harder time with daily activities and thinking quickly. Worrying a lot was linked to having trouble remembering things. But how severe these feelings were didn't change how well the medicine worked. The medicine did help with worrying and thinking the same sad thoughts over and over, but it didn't help much with the other feelings compared to the pretend pill. This study shows that it's important to understand the different ways depression can affect older adults. Even though the medicine didn't help with all the symptoms, knowing more about these feelings can help doctors find better ways to help people with depression.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are doing a big study to see if a special way of using your imagination can help people stop smoking. Smoking is a big problem because it makes a lot of people sick and can even cause death. The study is called "Be Smoke Free," and it's trying to find out if guiding people to picture things in their minds can be a good way to help them quit smoking. They are comparing this new idea with the usual ways that help people stop smoking. They talk to people on the phone and give them advice. They will talk to 1200 people in total, with half of them getting the new imagination treatment and the other half getting the usual advice. They want to see which one works better. They started the study in October 2022 and will keep going until 2025. They will check on the people who joined the study after 3 and 6 months to see if they have stopped smoking. If this new way works, it could help a lot of people be healthier and not smoke anymore.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if a video that explains a study to kids and their parents is just as good as talking to someone in person and reading about the study. They tested this with families who were learning about an asthma study. Some families watched an interactive video, while others read a paper and talked to the study team. They asked the families questions to see how well they understood the study right after they learned about it and again 20 weeks later. They found that parents who watched the video understood the study just as well as those who talked to someone in person. Even better, the parents remembered the information longer if they watched the video. But for the kids, the video wasn't proven to be as good as talking to someone in person. This means that using videos could be a good way to help parents understand and remember information when they're thinking about joining a study with their kids.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a diabetes medicine called canagliflozin could make blood pressure less up-and-down in people with type 2 diabetes. They checked the blood pressure of over 11,000 people many times for 1.5 years. They found that the medicine made blood pressure a tiny bit steadier, but not by much. They also learned that when blood pressure goes up and down a lot, it can lead to more hospital visits for heart problems and a higher chance of dying from any cause. However, these ups and downs didn't seem to affect kidney health. This study helps us understand that keeping blood pressure steady is important for staying healthy, but this medicine doesn't help much with that.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if taking a small amount of aspirin every day affects people's blood levels and iron. They looked at older people, some who took aspirin and some who took a pretend pill (placebo). They found that the group taking aspirin had more cases of anemia, which means not having enough healthy red blood cells, and they also had lower iron levels. This happened even when they didn't have any big bleeding problems. The study suggests that older people who take aspirin should have their blood checked regularly to make sure they're not getting anemia.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are doing a big study to see if special scores called "Polygenic risk scores" (PRS) can help doctors figure out who might get certain health problems. They're going to tell 25,000 kids and grown-ups if they have a high chance of getting any of 10 different health issues. They're making sure to include people from different backgrounds and those who usually don't get as much medical help. The team talked to lots of people – those who might get their PRS, doctors, and the study team – to learn what they need to know about these scores. They found out that people need more tools and teaching to really understand and use these scores well. The study is making special training and learning stuff to help everyone involved. They're sharing what they learned about teaching people about PRS and how to make it easier for everyone to use. This could help make health care better for lots of people by catching health problems early.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special theater program called SENSE Theatre could help kids with autism get better at remembering faces and interacting with others. They compared it to another program called Tackling Teenage Training. They thought the kids in the theater program would do better at remembering faces they saw by accident and would be better at talking to new people and joining in everyday social activities. They had 290 kids with autism, ages 10 to 16, join the study and split them into two groups. One group did the theater program and the other did the other program. They checked how well the kids remembered faces and how they acted with people they didn't know before, during, and after the programs. The kids who did the theater program got better at remembering faces and were more expressive and comfortable when talking to new people later on. The study showed that the theater program helped the kids' brains focus more on social stuff, which made them better at social skills that are usually hard for people with autism. This means that doing fun activities like theater might really help kids with autism in their daily lives.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn more about how having an extra or missing chromosome affects different parts of the body, like the brain and blood cells. They looked at genes in three types of cells: blood cells, skin cells, and brain cells made from stem cells. They focused on changes in the X and Y chromosomes (which determine if someone is male or female) and chromosome 21 (an extra copy of which causes Down syndrome). They found 41 genes that are really sensitive to the number of sex chromosomes a person has. These genes are on the X or Y chromosome. The changes they saw in the blood cells were also seen in the skin and brain cells. But changes in other chromosomes were different in each type of cell. Their research helps us understand how different cells in the body are affected by having an extra or missing chromosome. It also shows that studying blood cells can give us good clues about what might be happening in other parts of the body that are harder to study, like the brain.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors are trying to help older people who have heart problems stay out of the hospital. They noticed that in the South, more people with heart problems pass away compared to other places. One way to stay healthy is to check your weight every day and move around a lot, but many people forget to do these things. Now, doctors are testing a special video game that works with tools like a weight scale and a step counter to see if it can help people remember to do these healthy activities. They are going to have 200 people over 45 years old play this game. Some will just use the tools without the game, and some will use both. They want to see if the game helps people stay healthier and out of the hospital. They started the test in November 2022 and will finish in 2025. They will share what they learn in 2026. This could help make a fun game that encourages people to take better care of their hearts.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if too much salt in the body's tissues is linked to being overweight and having trouble with insulin, which is a problem for people with diabetes. They looked at 30 people who were overweight and 53 people who were not, checking how well their bodies used insulin and how much salt was in their muscles and skin. They found that in overweight people, the more salt there was in their muscles and skin, the harder it was for their bodies to use insulin. They also noticed that when there was more inflammation in the body, the salt had an even bigger effect on insulin problems. This study suggests that too much salt in the body might help cause insulin issues in overweight people, but more research is needed to be sure.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if doing homework from therapy helps people feel more joy in life. They had two groups: one did an activity-focused therapy, and the other did a mindfulness therapy. They checked how much pleasure people felt every week for 15 weeks. They found that both therapies helped people feel better, but the amount of homework didn't always make a big difference. If someone did more homework than usual for them, they felt even better after that session, but doing a lot of homework overall didn't mean they felt better than others. This was especially true for the activity-focused therapy. The study tells us that for people getting therapy, it might help to focus on doing homework for each session rather than worrying about doing a lot of homework all the time.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a big study to see if two drugs, called cytisine and varenicline, can help people stop smoking. They looked at a lot of other studies where people were given these drugs, a fake pill (placebo), or other stop-smoking treatments. They wanted to know if these drugs made it easier for people to quit smoking and if they caused any serious problems (like heart issues or mood changes). They found that both cytisine and varenicline helped more people quit smoking than a fake pill. Varenicline was even better at helping people stop than another drug called bupropion or just using one type of nicotine patch or gum. But, some people taking varenicline had serious problems more often than those who didn't take it. The scientists aren't sure if these problems are really caused by the drug or not. In the end, they think these drugs are good for helping people quit smoking, but they want to do more research to be really sure about how safe they are and if one is better than the other. They also think we don't need more studies comparing varenicline to a fake pill because we already know it works. Instead, they suggest looking at different amounts of the drug and how long people should take it, and comparing it to e-cigarettes.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are trying to make sure that when they test new medicines, the group of people in the study looks like the group of people who have the sickness the medicine is for. Sometimes, not everyone has the same chance to be in these studies. The scientists did a special part of a big study to see who gets asked to join before they even say yes. They looked at things like how old people are, if they are a boy or a girl, what race they are, and where they live. They did this in seven places and learned from 1029 people. They found out that they can collect this information from many places and it helps them understand who might not be getting a fair chance to join the study. This can help them make the study better and faster, and make sure more kinds of people can be in it.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if gaining or losing a lot of weight quickly affects heart health in people with type 2 diabetes who are already at risk for heart problems. They looked at two big studies where people took a diabetes medicine called canagliflozin. They checked the weight of these people after about a year and put them into three groups: those who gained a lot of weight, those who lost a lot of weight, and those whose weight stayed the same. They found that people who gained or lost a lot of weight had a higher chance of going to the hospital for heart failure or even dying from heart problems compared to those whose weight didn't change much. This means that for people with type 2 diabetes who might have heart issues, it's important to watch out for big weight changes and talk to a doctor about the best way to stay healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if there's a link between liver health and getting type 2 diabetes, which is a kind of sugar sickness. They also wanted to know if vitamin D could change the chances of getting diabetes for people with liver problems. They looked at 3972 people who might get diabetes and checked their liver health using special scores. They found that a lot of these people had signs of fat in their liver and a few might have serious liver damage. They also saw that people with worse sugar levels in their blood had worse liver scores. Over time, they noticed that people with certain liver scores were more likely to get diabetes. Vitamin D didn't really change the risk of getting diabetes, but people with liver fat didn't get as much vitamin D in their blood when they took supplements. The study suggests that doctors should check people's liver health to help prevent diabetes.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called brexpiprazole could help adults with major depression feel more involved in life when taken with their usual antidepressants. They checked if patients felt more fulfilled and took part in activities they valued. They used a special questionnaire to measure this. In the first part of the study, they compared two groups for 6 weeks: one took brexpiprazole with their antidepressants, and the other took a fake pill with their antidepressants. The brexpiprazole group felt better and more engaged in life. In the second part, they watched people take brexpiprazole with their antidepressants for up to a year, and those people continued to feel more engaged in life. This research suggests that brexpiprazole might help people with depression not only feel less sad but also enjoy life more.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special online program could help people feel less sad. This program, called MARIGOLD, is designed to make people think and act in a happier way. They had some people try MARIGOLD and others just write about their feelings. They wanted to see if the program made people less sad and if it changed their emotions. They found out that the people who used MARIGOLD were less sad than the ones who didn't. But, the program didn't really make them feel happier. The study suggests that we need to learn more about how programs like MARIGOLD can help people feel better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if certain medicines might not be good for older people living at home. They looked at over 19,000 older adults who were pretty healthy and didn't have serious heart problems, trouble thinking, or trouble moving around. They checked what medicines these people were taking and followed them to see if they had any health problems like getting hurt and not being able to move well, having to go to the hospital, or getting dementia. They found that about 39% of these older adults were taking at least one medicine that might not be good for them. These adults had a higher chance of getting hurt and not being able to move well, and they also went to the hospital more often. But these medicines didn't make them die sooner or live without health problems any less than other people. The study showed that some medicines, like stomach acid pills, antipsychotics, and anxiety pills, could make it more likely for older people to get hurt and not be able to move well. So, the study tells us that doctors should be really careful when giving these kinds of medicines to older people who are otherwise healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn more about how preschool kids who have trouble speaking smoothly (stutter) behave and feel. They looked at 296 young kids who stutter to see if they had things in common. They checked how often the kids repeated sounds or got stuck, if they made any extra movements while talking, how long the stuttering lasted, and how the kids felt about talking. They found that the way kids stutter is often connected—for example, kids who repeat sounds a lot might also get stuck more. But how kids feel about their talking didn't always match with their stuttering. They also discovered that the kids could be split into two groups: one big group with less noticeable stuttering and a smaller group with more noticeable stuttering. This research helps us understand that not all kids who stutter are the same, and it can help us figure out better ways to help them.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a special protein from a germ that causes a type of malaria. This germ is tricky because it can hide in the liver and make people sick again after they seem to get better. The researchers looked at blood from people in Brazil, Cambodia, and Mali to see if their bodies made fighters, called antibodies, against this protein. They found that many people in Brazil and some in Cambodia had these fighters, but none in Mali did because the germ isn't found there. They also discovered that certain blood cells that help make antibodies were more common in people who had these fighters. After treating the malaria, the number of these cells and fighters went down. This study helps us understand how our bodies try to fight off this type of malaria and could help make new ways to stop it.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied how well a new birth control pill worked when people didn't take it exactly as they should. They looked at information from two big studies that included women aged 16 to 50 from different countries. These women took a pill with two special ingredients, estetrol and drospirenone, and wrote down when they took the pill, had sex, and if they used other birth control methods. The researchers focused on women aged 16 to 35 who had sex without using other birth control and didn't always take their pill. They found that when women missed more than two pills in a month, the chance of getting pregnant went up a lot. But if they followed the instructions on what to do when they missed a pill, they didn't get pregnant. Most of the time, if someone got pregnant, it was because they didn't take their pills correctly in the first three months. The study shows that this birth control pill works really well if you take it every day, but it's super important to follow the instructions, especially if you forget to take a pill.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if taking vitamin D could help people with a little high blood sugar (called prediabetes) avoid getting type 2 diabetes. They gave some people vitamin D pills and others fake pills and watched them for about 2.5 years. They were especially interested in people with different skin colors and weights because these can affect how much vitamin D someone has in their body and their risk for diabetes. They found that people who had more vitamin D in their blood, especially those who were Black or White and not too overweight, were less likely to get diabetes. For all groups, having a vitamin D level of at least 40 in their blood seemed to be good for lowering the risk of diabetes. This study tells us that having enough vitamin D might be important for people who are at risk of getting diabetes, and it could help them stay healthier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study called CREDENCE to see if a medicine called canagliflozin helps people with type 2 diabetes and kidney problems. They gave some people the medicine and others a placebo, which is like a sugar pill with no medicine in it. They found that the medicine slowed down the worsening of kidney function, especially in people who had higher blood sugar levels to start with. This is important because it shows that this medicine can help protect the kidneys of people with diabetes, and it might work even better for those who have more trouble controlling their blood sugar.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a special online 3D world could help adults with type 2 diabetes take better care of themselves compared to a regular website with the same information. They had 211 people join the study and split them into two groups. One group used the 3D world, and the other group used the regular website. They checked on the participants after 3, 6, and 12 months to see how they were doing with their eating, exercise, and health numbers like blood sugar and cholesterol. After a year, they found that the people using the 3D world lost a bit more weight than the other group, but both groups got more active and had better health numbers. This was especially true for people who started with higher blood sugar levels. The study showed that having different kinds of help, like the 3D world and the website, can make it easier for people with diabetes to take care of their health.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a mix of two things, metformin and leucine (MET+LEU), could help stop muscles from getting weaker and smaller as people and animals get older. As we age, some of our muscle cells stop working right and create bad stuff that causes inflammation. The researchers wanted to know if MET+LEU could protect muscles by fixing these old cells. They tested this idea on muscle cells from mice and humans. They found that MET+LEU helped the muscle cells grow and stopped them from shrinking. It also helped the cells make more muscle proteins and break down fewer of them. Even when muscle cells were stressed and started to get old and inflamed, MET+LEU helped them get better. Another mix, dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q), also stopped the muscle cells from shrinking, just like MET+LEU did. In the end, the study showed that MET+LEU could be a good way to keep muscles strong, especially for older people.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if stress makes breast cancer survivors feel more pain, sadness, and tiredness when their bodies are fighting off something like an infection. They worked with 156 women who had been treated for breast cancer. These women were given a shot that made their bodies think they were sick, so the scientists could see how they reacted. The women told the scientists how stressed they were and how they felt every hour and a half after the shot. The study found that women who had a lot of stress from problems with other people felt more pain and sadness when their bodies were fighting off the pretend sickness. This means that when people who have had breast cancer are stressed a lot, especially by other people, it might make them feel worse when they get sick. This is important because it could help doctors understand why some women have more pain or feel sadder after cancer and how to help them better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to understand what Black women think about checking their chances of getting breast cancer. They talked to Black women in Tennessee on the phone from September to November 2020. They asked questions and listened to the women's thoughts and feelings. After talking to 37 women, they found out that women decide whether to check their breast cancer risk based on how serious they think cancer is, how scared they are of getting it, and what they think about the good and bad things that could come from checking their risk. Things like talking to doctors, how easy it is to get to a doctor, what they know about health, and their own health can change their decision. If women think it will be hard to get help if they are at high risk, they might not want to check their risk. The study found that Black women face challenges in deciding to check their breast cancer risk. If these challenges are fixed, it could help reduce the number of Black women who get breast cancer. More work is needed to help women overcome these challenges.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a new kind of therapy could help people who don't feel pleasure from things they used to enjoy, a problem called anhedonia. They also wanted to know if feeling less stressed out could make people feel more pleasure again. They had 72 people try two different therapies for 15 weeks. They found that both therapies helped people feel less stressed and more able to enjoy things. They also learned that if people felt less stressed at the beginning of therapy, they were more likely to start enjoying things a few weeks later. This study tells us that it's really important to check how stressed someone is when they're getting treatment for not feeling pleasure, because feeling less stressed can help them get better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if a medicine called canagliflozin helps adults with diabetes and kidney problems in the same way, no matter their age or if they are a boy or a girl. They looked at a big study where people took either canagliflozin or a pretend pill every day. They checked if the medicine stopped their kidneys from getting worse or if it kept them from dying because of kidney or heart problems. They found that the medicine worked well for everyone, both younger and older people, and for both boys and girls. It was especially good at helping younger people avoid kidney problems. This information is important because it shows that this medicine can help lots of different people with diabetes keep their kidneys healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if two types of exercise, tai chi or strength training, could help older women who survived cancer and went through menopause to not fall down as much after their chemotherapy treatment. They had these women do one of three exercises: tai chi, strength training, or just stretching, two times a week for six months. They checked on the women for another six months after the exercises stopped. They wanted to see how many times the women fell, if they got hurt from falling, how strong their legs were, and how well they could balance. They found that after six months, the number of falls didn't really change no matter what exercise the women did. But, the women who did tai chi had fewer injuries from falls during the first six months. Also, the women who did strength training got stronger legs, and those who did tai chi got better at balancing compared to the women who just stretched. In the end, the study showed that while tai chi and strength training didn't stop the women from falling, tai chi might help them get hurt less, and both tai chi and strength training can make them stronger and more balanced.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out if being heavier or having a bigger waist size affects the chances of getting sick or dying for older people, just like it does for others. They looked at over 18,000 older adults from Australia and the USA for about 7 years. They found that for older men, being a bit overweight was actually linked to a lower chance of dying from heart problems or other causes. But being too skinny was riskier for both men and women. Having a bigger waist didn't seem to make as much of a difference. This study helps us understand that for older people, being a little overweight might not be as bad as we thought, especially for men.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to find out the best way to help older people who were still feeling sad even after taking medicine for depression. They did a study with two parts. In the first part, they gave some people an extra medicine called aripiprazole, some got an extra medicine called bupropion, and some stopped their old medicine and just took bupropion. They found that adding aripiprazole made people feel a bit happier than just switching to bupropion. In the second part, for people who didn't feel better after the first part, they tried adding lithium or switching to a medicine called nortriptyline. Both of these changes helped people feel a little happier, but there wasn't a big difference between the two. This study helps doctors know better ways to help older adults who have depression that's hard to treat.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors often give people with diabetes two medicines called metformin and aspirin. Metformin might help prevent cancer, but aspirin could make cancer more deadly for older people. This study looked at older adults with diabetes to see if metformin helps them live longer without getting cancer. They also checked if taking aspirin changes anything. The study included older people, some who were taking metformin, and some who were also taking aspirin or a fake pill (placebo). They found that those taking metformin got cancer less often. However, for those taking both metformin and aspirin, there was a higher chance of dying from cancer, but this finding needs more research to be sure. This study is important because it suggests that metformin might help older people with diabetes avoid getting cancer, but combining it with aspirin could be risky. More studies are needed to understand this better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand how having an extra Y chromosome (XYY syndrome) can affect mental health. They looked at 64 people with XYY and 60 people without it. They found that having XYY can lead to different mental health issues, especially problems with how the brain develops and mood disorders. Less than 25% of people with XYY don't have any mental health diagnosis. The study also found that attention and social skills are the most affected, but having XYY doesn't mean a person will be violent. They used special math to group symptoms into 8 categories, which helps understand how XYY affects thinking skills, daily life, and stress for caregivers. This research helps us know more about XYY and can be used to study other genetic conditions that affect mental health.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see which of three different HIV vaccines worked best in people who don't have HIV. They gave 105 healthy adults three shots of one of the vaccines and then two more shots of another kind of vaccine or a pretend vaccine. They checked how well the vaccines worked on two different days. They found that the "mosaic" vaccine made the body's defense cells respond to more parts of the virus than the other two vaccines. This means the mosaic vaccine might be better at protecting against different kinds of HIV around the world. The study was paid for by the U.S. government and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how the brain changes after a stroke and how these changes affect the use of a person's hand. They looked at 35 people who had a stroke that made it hard for them to move their hand. They used a special machine to take pictures of their brains and another machine to test the muscles in their hands. They found that when the stroke damaged a bigger part of the brain, the brain tried to reorganize itself more, but this didn't always help the hand get better. In fact, if the stroke was really big or if the part of the brain that sends signals to the hand was hurt a lot, the hand didn't work as well. This study helps doctors understand that the size of the stroke and where it happens in the brain can affect how much the hand can recover after a stroke.

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Abstract Summary: This study is about finding a better way to fight HIV, a dangerous virus. Scientists looked at how our body's defense system, specifically B cells, responds to HIV. They found that not only new B cells but also some experienced B cells that have fought other diseases can help fight HIV. They studied this by looking at blood samples from people who were part of an HIV vaccine trial. They found that some of the B cells that were there before the vaccine were still there after the vaccine, and they had changed to fight the virus better. This could help us make better vaccines in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand the connection between what people with chronic low back pain think about their ability to move and how well they actually can move. They asked 328 adults with this kind of pain to fill out questionnaires about their pain and how it affects their daily life. They also tested how fast the people could walk, how strong their legs were, how well they could move their lower back and hips, and how long their back muscles could work without getting tired. They found that what people said about their physical abilities was a little bit related to their walking speed and leg strength. But there was a stronger link between what they said about their abilities and how much their pain changed the way they live their lives. People who felt more limited by their pain also seemed to have less leg strength. This study is important because it shows that what people say about their pain and abilities can give us clues about their actual physical strength. This can help doctors and therapists understand and treat people with chronic low back pain better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if there's a link between certain hormones and how well older women can think and remember things. They looked at a bunch of women who were 70 or older, who didn't have memory problems and weren't taking hormone-related medicine. They checked things like age, weight, education, smoking, drinking, living situation, diabetes, high blood pressure, sadness, and kidney health. They had 5,511 women in the study. They found that most hormones didn't affect the women's thinking or memory. But they did notice that women with lower levels of a hormone called SHBG were a bit quicker at processing information. This was interesting, so they think it should be looked into more. The study helps us know that these hormones don't usually change how well older women think, which is good to know for future research.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if having a group of health problems called metabolic syndrome (MetS) makes older people more likely to become weak and less able to take care of themselves without getting sick, losing their memory, or dying. They looked at over 18,000 older adults from Australia and the USA. They found that people with MetS were more likely to start getting weak. However, just having MetS didn't make it more likely for someone to have problems with their memory or to have trouble moving around. But if someone was already getting weak, having MetS didn't make things worse. This study tells us that checking if an older person is getting weak might be more helpful than just looking for MetS to keep them healthy and able to do things on their own.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to understand how gender and previous exposure to germs affect the body's response to a vaccine for a virus called HSV. They studied the blood of men and women who either had or hadn't been exposed to HSV before. They found that the body's initial response to the vaccine was different depending on gender and previous exposure. Women who hadn't been exposed to HSV before had the strongest initial response, which seemed to reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine. This study shows that gender and previous exposure to germs can affect how our bodies respond to vaccines. This could help us make better vaccines in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if having an extra sex chromosome affects the brain the same way in people and mice. They compared brain images of humans and mice with an extra X or Y chromosome to those with the usual number. They found that in people, an extra chromosome made the brain size bigger or smaller and changed certain parts of the brain. In mice, the changes were smaller and not the same across different mice. But they did find some brain areas in both humans and mice that were affected by the extra chromosome. This study helps us understand where to look in the brain to learn more about how extra sex chromosomes can change brain development.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors want to know if understanding a person's family health history and their own unique genes can help prevent diseases. They are studying 25,000 people from different backgrounds to see if sharing this information with patients and doctors helps them make better health choices. They made special reports that include a person's gene information, family health history, and tips for staying healthy. They are checking if people follow these health tips after getting their reports. This study started in February 2022 and might show that knowing about your genes and family health can help keep you healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn about frailty, which is when older people get weak and it can lead to health problems. They looked at 19,114 older adults who lived on their own in Australia and the USA. They wanted to see how frailty affected the chances of living without getting a disability or dementia. They found that being a little frail was common, and being very frail was less common. Older people, those with bigger waists, less education, certain ethnic backgrounds, smokers, people feeling sad, and those taking many medicines were more likely to be frail. Frail people had a higher chance of getting a disability, dementia, or dying earlier. The study suggests that helping older adults with these problems might let them live longer without disabilities or dementia.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out if certain smell training could help people who lost their sense of smell because of COVID-19. They had some people smell different oils and look at pictures of what they were smelling, while others just smelled the oils. Some got to pick their favorite smells, and others used scents chosen by doctors. They tested 275 adults to see if their smell got better after three months. They found that everyone got a little better, but those who used their favorite smells and looked at pictures improved the most. This study suggests that using pictures and favorite smells might help people who can't smell well after having COVID-19.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how a special type of training could help people with social anxiety, a condition that makes it hard for them to connect with others. The researchers had 45 people with social anxiety do computer exercises that either focused on positive social interactions or a mix of different types. They also did brain scans before and after the training. The results showed that both types of training helped improve social connections and reduced symptoms like anxiety and depression. The brain scans also showed changes in areas related to social interactions and rewards. This suggests that this type of training could be a helpful tool for people with social anxiety.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are trying to make a vaccine for a lung virus called RSV, but there isn't one yet. They did a study to see how two different RSV vaccines worked. They looked at people's blood before and after getting the vaccines to see what kind of fighters (antibodies and B cells) their bodies made. They found that both vaccines made fighters, but the DS-Cav1 vaccine made stronger ones that were better at stopping the virus. This vaccine worked by targeting a special part of the virus that the other vaccine didn't. The study shows that it's important to use the right part of the virus to make a really good vaccine that can help our bodies remember and fight off the virus better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a new way to help people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) quit smoking. They know that LGBTQ people smoke a lot, partly because of stress and ads that make smoking look cool. They're making a special program called SmokefreeSGM that sends helpful texts to encourage LGBTQ people to stop smoking. They will test this program in three steps. First, they'll work with a group of advisors to make the texts. Then, they'll try it with a small group of 16 people to see how it works and make it better. Lastly, they'll see if it works well with 80 people, comparing it to a general text program. They'll talk to some of these people to learn more about what they think of the programs. The study started in 2020, and they began testing the texts in 2022. They hope to share the results by the end of 2023. If it works, this program could help LGBTQ people be healthier by quitting smoking.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if brain connections could tell us if older people with sadness would feel better after taking medicine. They looked at 95 older people with deep sadness and checked their brains with a special scan. These people then took a medicine called escitalopram or a pretend pill for 8 weeks. If they still felt sad, they tried another medicine called bupropion for 8 more weeks. The doctors found that certain brain connections could predict who would feel less sad after the treatment. This is important because it might help doctors know which medicine will make someone feel better by looking at their brain scans.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a certain gene, called ApoE, affects how people who had cancer treatment feel and how often they fall down. They also wanted to know if exercising could help these people feel better and fall less, no matter what type of ApoE gene they have. They looked at 126 women who had finished cancer treatment about 4 years ago. They found that people with one type of the ApoE gene, called E4, fell down more at first, but after they started exercising, they fell down less than people without the E4 type. People with another type, E2, didn't feel less sad or less disabled after exercising. People with the E3 type did more physical activity after exercising for 6 months, but those with E4 and E2 didn't change much. This study shows that the ApoE gene might change how exercise helps people who had cancer treatment.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors found that people with a lot of worry and anxiety, especially about their health, might have more heart problems. They think helping these people worry less could make their hearts healthier. So, they're trying out a new way to help using computers and the internet, which is easier for people to use than going to the doctor's office. They're testing this idea with 90 adults who have heart problems and also worry a lot. These adults will try a special computer program that teaches them how to worry less. The doctors will see if the people who use the program start to worry less and if that helps them do better things for their hearts, like eating healthy, exercising, and taking their medicine. If it works, this could be a new way to help lots of people with heart problems and anxiety feel better without making their regular doctor visits harder.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying how a mobile app called EASE can help people from Black, Hispanic, and American Indian communities, as well as non-Hispanic White people, who are feeling very anxious or sad because of COVID-19. They noticed that these communities don't always have the same chances to get help for mental health problems. In the study, 800 people will use either the EASE app or another app to see which one is better at making them feel less anxious and sad. They will answer questions and talk to researchers over 6 months to see if the app helps. If the EASE app works well, it could be used to help lots of people feel better during tough times like the pandemic.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how echoes in a room and how far away a person is from the person talking can make it harder to listen. They had 19 adults with good hearing do two tasks at the same time: figuring out words they heard and sorting words quickly. They tried this in a room with a little and a lot of echo and at different distances from the speaker. They found that more echoes and being farther away made it harder to understand words and made listening feel tougher, especially if the listener was farther than a certain point in the room. This research helps us know more about why it can be hard to listen in echoey places and why where you sit in a room matters.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists have created an app that uses augmented reality (AR) to help people quit smoking. The app works by showing smokers images that make them want to smoke (cues), and then helps them get used to these cues without smoking. In a test, daily smokers used the app in places where they usually smoke. The results were promising: most people found the app easy to use and realistic, and over half of them smoked less after using the app. This could be a new way to help people quit smoking, and maybe even other addictions. The next step is a bigger test to see how well the app works.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a computer program to see if it can help older people's brains stay sharp and possibly prevent memory problems like Alzheimer's disease. People who are 65 or older and still have good thinking skills can join the study. They will either play special brain-training games or other computer games for a while. After three years, the researchers will check to see if their brains are still working well. They will also look at their blood to find clues about brain health. This study is important because it might give us a new way to keep our brains healthy without using medicine.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called canagliflozin helps people with type 2 diabetes who are at risk for heart problems, including heart failure. They looked at two big studies with over 14,000 people to see if canagliflozin could help prevent death from heart issues or stop people from having to go to the hospital for heart failure. They checked how well the people's kidneys were working and how much of a certain protein was in their urine, because these can affect heart health. They found that canagliflozin helped reduce these heart problems for all different types of people with diabetes, no matter how well their kidneys were working or how much protein was in their urine. This is good news because it means this medicine can help lots of people with diabetes stay healthier and avoid serious heart problems.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists at the Stanford Center for Low Back Pain are studying how different treatments without medicine can help people with long-lasting back pain. They are looking at three kinds of treatments: a special talking therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a relaxation technique called mindfulness, and a treatment with needles called electroacupuncture. They want to understand better how these treatments work and why they help some people more than others. They are doing two big studies with over 300 people to compare these treatments and see what changes happen in the body and brain. They stopped the study for a while because of the virus that was making people sick, but they started again and will finish in March 2023. The results will help us know more about back pain and how to treat it without using medicine, which could be really good for lots of people with back pain. The study is listed on a website called ClinicalTrials.gov with the number NCT02503475.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn if men and women feel and deal with a bladder pain condition differently. They asked 37 people with this condition to answer questions and talk in groups about their pain and feelings. They found that women had more intense pain and waited longer to get help from doctors than men. Men and women both felt a lot of emotional stress, but they handled it in different ways. Men wanted more medical treatments, while women wanted more support from people around them. Also, women often felt that doctors didn't take their pain seriously, but men felt like doctors helped them make choices about their treatment. This study shows that men and women with bladder pain might need different kinds of help, and it's important to understand these differences to make sure everyone gets the right care.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if a medicine called memantine, which is usually used for memory problems, could help kids with autism. Autism is when kids have trouble talking and making friends, and they might do the same things over and over. The scientists looked at three studies with 204 kids to see if memantine could make their autism symptoms better. They also checked if the medicine caused any bad reactions. The studies weren't perfect, and the scientists couldn't be sure if memantine really helped with autism symptoms or not. They also didn't find a big difference in how the kids talked, remembered things, or behaved. Some kids had side effects, but it seemed similar to kids who didn't take the medicine. In the end, the scientists said they don't know if memantine is good for treating kids with autism. They need to do more and better studies to find out. They didn't study adults with autism, so they don't know if it would help them either.

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Abstract Summary: This study is about a new online program called LARKSPUR that helps adults with fibromyalgia, a condition that causes pain and disability, to manage their stress and pain. The program teaches eight skills, like noticing good things, being grateful, and setting achievable goals. The study will have 90 participants who will either use LARKSPUR or another method. The researchers will see if people like using the program, if they stick with it, and if it helps reduce their pain. If it works well, they plan to test it with more people in the future. This could be a new way to help people with fibromyalgia.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: Scientists are doing a study to see if eating for only 10 hours a day can help older people who are a bit too heavy and have health problems like high blood sugar or diabetes. They are comparing this to people who eat over a longer time, like 14 hours a day. They think that eating for less time each day might help people lose weight after 3 months. They will check on things like how much body fat and sugar in the blood the people have, and they will keep an eye on how well they stick to the eating plan. They will also see if the good changes last for a whole year. This study could teach us if eating for a shorter time each day is good for people's health, especially for those who have a higher chance of getting heart disease or diabetes. They plan to have 62 people in the study, but they expect that some might not finish, so they hope to have at least 42 people at the end of the year.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called canagliflozin could help people with type 2 diabetes who also have heart problems. They tested this medicine on over 4,000 patients for about 2.5 years. They found that this medicine reduced the number of heart problems by 26% for first-time issues and 29% for repeated issues. This means that for every 1,000 patients who took the medicine for 2.5 years, there were 44 fewer first-time heart problems and 73 fewer total heart problems. This shows that canagliflozin can help prevent heart problems in people with type 2 diabetes.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors give special medicines to help people with bipolar disorder feel better, but about half of these people have trouble taking their medicine regularly. This can make their health worse. The study is trying to find a good way to help people take their medicine through the internet and phone calls. They made a special program that helps each person with the problems they have in taking their medicine. The program has four parts, like learning about the illness, talking better with doctors, making a medicine routine, and getting motivated. People in the study will get help from a helper and will be checked for a year to see if they are taking their medicine and feeling better. The study will also look at how easy it is to use this program in real-life doctor's offices. This could help lots of people with bipolar disorder take their medicine and be healthier. The study's details are on a website called ClinicalTrials.gov with the number NCT04622150.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied how kids with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and kids without it go through puberty. They looked at 244 kids over three years to see when they started puberty and how fast they went through the changes. They found that kids with ASD started puberty earlier, and boys went through changes faster than girls. This study is important because it shows that kids with ASD might face more challenges when they grow up, and we need to understand how this affects their lives and health.

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Abstract Summary: This study was about helping people quit smoking using a new tool on their smartphones. The researchers created a special app that shows images related to smoking or neutral images. They thought that showing smokers these images might help reduce their desire to smoke. They tested this idea with 129 smokers. The results showed that those who saw the smoking-related images had less desire to smoke afterwards compared to those who saw neutral images. However, seeing these images didn't make them wait longer before smoking again. This study suggests that this app could be a useful tool to help people quit smoking.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how to improve conversations between doctors, patients, and families about end-of-life care. The researchers looked at different ways to help these conversations, like using a list of questions or giving feedback to doctors. They found that these methods might not make a big difference in how much people understand about their illness, how they feel about their conversations with doctors, or their quality of life. They also didn't find any bad effects from these methods. The researchers think more studies are needed to find the best ways to help these important conversations. This could help make sure people get the best care when they are very sick.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn about how well people with chronic tic disorders (CTDs) can feel and understand what's happening inside their bodies, like when their heart beats fast or they feel hungry. This is called "interoceptive sensibility." They compared these people to healthy people without tics. They asked everyone questions about how they notice and think about these body feelings and also checked for other mental health symptoms. They found that people with tics were more aware of their bodies and felt more anxious about body sensations than the healthy people. Women and people with obsessive-compulsive symptoms felt more anxious about body sensations, but this wasn't just because of their tics. Also, people with tics who were more aware of their bodies tended to feel stronger urges before their tics happened. This study helps us understand that people with tics might feel things in their bodies differently, and this can be linked to how strong their urges to tic are. This could help doctors and therapists find better ways to help people with tics.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors did a study to see if a medicine called atrasentan could help people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease avoid kidney failure. They found out that while it did help the kidneys, some patients had to go to the hospital for heart problems more often. They wanted to know if they could tell early on who might have heart issues by checking a heart-related substance in the blood called BNP and how much a person's weight changed. They gave some people the medicine and others a placebo (a pill with no medicine) and watched what happened. They found out that if a person's BNP went up a lot at the beginning, they were more likely to have heart problems. But, if they didn't let people with a big increase in BNP take the medicine, fewer had heart problems, and it still helped their kidneys. This means checking BNP when starting atrasentan could help doctors keep patients safe.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand how older people with depression might think differently from those who aren't depressed. They looked at 120 older adults with depression and 56 without it. Everyone took some brain tests. The researchers found three different patterns of thinking in the people with depression. One group did really well on the tests, another was okay, and the last group had trouble with planning and doing things. The group that did well was younger, had more education, and was mostly white. They also had fewer health problems that affect blood vessels and scored higher on a simple brain test. The study found that even within the group that did well, there were some differences in how long they had been feeling depressed and how well they could pay attention. This research is important because it helps us understand that not all older adults with depression think the same way, and this could affect how they respond to treatment or how their thinking might change over time.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if taking vitamin D could help people with a little bit of sugar problem (called prediabetes) avoid heart diseases. They gave 2423 adults either vitamin D or a fake pill (placebo) every day for about 3 years. They checked to see who got heart problems or diabetes. They found that taking vitamin D didn't really stop people from getting heart problems, but it did help a tiny bit in lowering the chance of getting heart diseases in the future. This study helps us understand that vitamin D might be a little helpful for heart health in people who are starting to have sugar problems.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying how to help people who work in places like restaurants, stores, and homes, especially Black and Latino/Hispanic workers, get tested for COVID-19 more often. These workers are more likely to catch the virus and often don't get tested enough. The study will try out different ways to encourage testing, like having talks to motivate them, sending helpful text messages, teaching through friends, and making tests easier to get. They want to find the best mix of these methods that works well and isn't too expensive. They will work with 448 workers who haven't been tested or vaccinated recently to see which methods help the most. They will also talk to 50 workers in more detail to understand better. This research could lead to better ways to keep people safe from COVID-19, especially those who have a higher chance of getting sick.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand how the brains of young people with Down syndrome (DS) are connected when they are just resting and not doing any tasks. They looked at the brains of 19 young people with DS and compared them to 33 young people without DS. They used a special brain scan called fMRI while the participants were awake and resting. They found that the brains of those with DS had more connections in many areas compared to those without DS. Also, the brains of the DS group were not as good at keeping different brain networks separate. They noticed that the more the brain areas were connected, the better the verbal skills of the person with DS. This study helps us understand that the brains of young people with DS work differently, and this could lead to new ways to help them with their verbal skills.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are doing a study to see if using cannabis (like marijuana) can help people who have a lot of pain and take strong pain medicines called opioids. They want to see if cannabis can make people feel better, use fewer opioids, and still manage their pain well. About 250 adults who have pain all the time and take opioids will join the study. These people are interested in trying cannabis to see if it helps with their pain or lets them take less of their pain medicine. They will be split into two groups: one group will use cannabis from stores, and the other group won't use cannabis for 6 months. Everyone will also get help to learn how to use less opioids. The researchers will check if the people using cannabis take less opioids and if their pain changes. They will also look at how happy and active the people are, and if they have any problems like feeling sad or worried. The study has been approved to make sure it's safe, and the results will be shared with everyone later.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special kind of therapy called Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) can help adults who feel very worried or sad. They wanted to know if this therapy changes how people pay attention to scary things, which might make them feel less worried. They had 50 adults with a lot of worry do tasks while measuring their brain activity before and after the therapy. They found that after the therapy, the adults felt less worried and sad, and their brains reacted more calmly to scary things. They also got better at the tasks. People who did the therapy face-to-face felt even less worried than those who did it online. The study suggests that this therapy can help adults feel better, but more research is needed to be sure it was the therapy that made the difference.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special online program called Sunnyside could help moms feel better and not get sad after having a baby. This sadness is called postpartum depression, and it happens to about 1 in 5 moms. They had 210 moms-to-be try Sunnyside either by themselves or with a group before their babies were born. They checked on the moms' feelings before, after, and 3 months after the program. They found that both ways helped the moms just the same, and not many moms got really sad or worried after. Moms liked doing the program by themselves a little more. Most of the moms in the study were white, so it might work differently for other moms. The study shows that doing Sunnyside can make moms feel better and might stop them from getting postpartum depression.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how well different stop-smoking medicines work for people who smoke and have diseases caused by smoking, like asthma or heart problems. They looked at a big group of smokers, some with these health issues and some without, to see who could quit smoking and stay quit for 12 and 24 weeks. They gave them different medicines or a pretend medicine (placebo) and watched what happened. They found that people with smoking-related diseases had a harder time staying quit compared to those without these diseases. The medicine called varenicline worked best for helping people quit, especially for those with health problems from smoking. This study helps us understand that even if quitting is tougher for these smokers, there are medicines that can really help them stop.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied a disease called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is when the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. They looked at special proteins in the blood cells of people and mice with SLE. They found that these proteins were changed in a way that made the body create harmful antibodies. These antibodies can cause problems in the body. The scientists also discovered that a certain substance could block these changes and help reduce the disease's bad effects, like kidney damage and high blood pressure, in mice. This research could help create new treatments for people with SLE.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn more about the health problems that some people have after they get better from COVID-19. They looked at a group of people who had COVID-19 and another group who never got sick with it. They checked everyone's health with physical exams, blood tests, and questions about how they felt. They found that more than half of the people who had COVID-19 still felt sick with symptoms like tiredness and trouble thinking, even after they were supposed to be better. Women and people who had anxiety before were more likely to feel this way. The study also showed that these health issues made people's lives harder. But when the scientists did more tests, they couldn't find a clear reason why these people still felt sick. They also learned that the body's defense against the virus, called antibodies, was different in people after they had COVID-19. This study helps us understand that many people still feel unwell after COVID-19, but we need to learn more about why this happens.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a genetic change that is the main cause of two brain diseases: ALS and FTD. This change makes extra bits of protein that might be linked to these diseases. The scientists made special tests to measure two types of these extra proteins in the fluid that surrounds the brain and spine. They found that the amount of these proteins didn't match up with how old people were when they got sick, how long they had been sick, or how quickly their sickness got worse. The levels were the same in people who had symptoms and those who didn't yet. But, when they treated one patient with a special medicine that targets the genetic change, the levels of these proteins went down by half in just 6 weeks. This means that measuring these proteins could help us see if treatments for these brain diseases are working.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a new program could help people lose weight and keep it off. They tested four different ways: a new program focusing on how much people want to eat and how full they feel (ROC), this new program plus a traditional weight loss program (ROC+), just the traditional program (BWL), and a different program that taught mindfulness and healthy eating (AC). They had 271 adults try these programs for a year and checked on them for another year after that. They found that the new program (ROC), the combined program (ROC+), and the traditional program (BWL) all helped people lose weight. The different program (AC) didn't work as well. People who really wanted to eat a lot did better with the new program or the combined program. This means that the new program could be a good choice for people who have a hard time controlling how much they want to eat. The study shows that there are different ways to help people lose weight and keep it off.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to know if there's a link between high blood pressure and skin cancer called melanoma. They looked at a big study where older people either took aspirin or a fake pill every day for about 5 years, and then they kept checking on them for 2 more years. They found that people with high blood pressure were more likely to have had melanoma in the past. But high blood pressure didn't make it more likely for them to get melanoma later on. The cool part is that people with high blood pressure that wasn't under control seemed to get less melanoma if they took aspirin. This didn't happen for people whose high blood pressure was under control. The scientists think aspirin might help prevent skin cancer for some people, but they need to do more research to be sure.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if medicine helps people with major depression stop smoking safely. They had 6653 volunteers, some with depression and some without, try different stop-smoking medicines or a fake pill for 12 weeks. They also talked with a counselor. They checked who stopped smoking without having bad side effects. They found that the medicine varenicline worked best, especially for people with depression. It helped more people quit smoking than the other medicines or the fake pill, and it was just as safe. This means that varenicline could be a good choice for people with depression who want to stop smoking.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if taking water pills (diuretics) or eating less salt could lower the amount of salt in the muscles and skin of people with high blood pressure. They used a special MRI to measure the salt in the body and checked how stiff the arteries were. They had some people eat less salt, some take water pills, and some take a fake pill for 8 weeks. They found that eating less salt did lower the salt in the skin but not in the muscles, and the water pills didn't lower the salt in either place. Also, neither eating less salt nor taking water pills made the arteries less stiff. This study helps us understand that just taking water pills might not be enough to get rid of extra salt in the body for people with a little high blood pressure.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out what helps older people stay healthy and active without disabilities. They looked at information from a big study where older people took aspirin to see if it helped them stay healthy. These people were already healthy when they started and didn't have heart problems, dementia, or trouble moving around. The researchers used a special computer program to pick out important health signs from 25 different things like mood, lifestyle, and body measurements. They made different health prediction models for men and women. They found that for both men and women, being older, having a slower walking speed, a weaker hand grip, and not having a normal body weight could mean a higher chance of getting sick or disabled. For men, smoking and having kidney problems were extra risks. For women, having diabetes or feeling very sad were extra risks. The models they made were pretty good at guessing who would stay healthy. This study helps us understand what to look out for to help older people stay healthy for as long as possible.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors often give a medicine called metformin to people with diabetes. Scientists think this medicine might also help older people's muscles stay healthy, but they're not sure. So, they did a study with 16 older people who had never taken metformin before. Some of them got metformin, and some got a pretend pill for two weeks. They took tiny pieces of the people's muscles to see what was happening inside. They found that metformin didn't change how the muscles use energy, but it did make the muscles produce more of a certain thing that could be both good and bad for the cells. Also, metformin seemed to be linked to a type of muscle cell that helps repair muscles. This study helps us understand that even if metformin doesn't make older muscles stronger right away, it might help keep them healthy in other ways.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how different genetic disorders can affect the way people behave or think, especially in relation to autism. The researchers studied 350 people with one of seven different genetic disorders, and compared them to people with autism and people without any of these conditions. They used a special scale to measure different autism-related traits and used computer models to predict which genetic disorder a person might have based on these traits. They found that different disorders can lead to different behaviors, and that they could often predict the disorder based on these behaviors. This could help doctors better understand and treat these conditions.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are trying to see if regular people, like you and me, can help save lives when someone has taken too many pain medicines called opioids. Sometimes, these medicines can make a person stop breathing, and they need a special medicine called naloxone really fast to wake up again. The study is about teaching people through the internet how to give naloxone to someone who needs it. They want to know if people can learn this online and then be ready to help in their own neighborhoods. They asked 220 people from five places in Indiana to join the study. Some people got the training right away, and others had to wait two weeks. They checked to see how much the people learned and if they felt okay about helping in an emergency. Everyone who learned got a naloxone kit to carry with them. The big idea is that if more people know how to use naloxone, they can help save lives before the ambulance arrives. This could be a smart and cheap way to help people who overdose on opioids, and the way they're doing this study might help with other emergencies too.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special kind of sleep questionnaire was good at measuring sleep problems in women with a condition called fibromyalgia, which can make your muscles and joints hurt and cause tiredness. They also wanted to know if this questionnaire could tell if a treatment using a gentle electric current (called TENS) helped these women sleep better. They had 301 women try either the real TENS, a pretend TENS, or no TENS at all for four weeks. The women answered questions about their sleep and wore a sleep tracker. The study found that the questionnaire was good at telling if the women's sleep got better, especially for those who used the real TENS treatment. The pretend TENS and no TENS didn't show much change. The sleep tracker didn't really show if the TENS treatment helped. This means the questionnaire could be a helpful tool for doctors to understand and treat sleep problems in people with fibromyalgia.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out if there's a link between the amount of testosterone in older women's blood and their risk of heart problems or dying from any cause. They studied women over 70 who were healthy and not on hormone treatments. They measured different hormones in the women's blood and watched them for about 4.5 years to see if they had heart issues or passed away. They found that women with higher levels of testosterone and another hormone called DHEA had fewer heart problems. But these hormone levels didn't change the chances of dying from any cause. The study suggests that having more testosterone might help prevent heart problems in older women. If more research confirms this, doctors might consider giving testosterone to older women to keep their hearts healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn more about how a part of the brain called the hippocampus works differently in people with a mental illness called schizophrenia. They used a special brain scan to look at the activity in the hippocampus when the brain is at rest. They thought that in people with schizophrenia, the hippocampus becomes more active over time. They checked people with early schizophrenia and compared them with people without the illness over two years. Surprisingly, they found that the brain activity in the hippocampus of the people with schizophrenia became more normal as time went on. This means that the extra activity in the hippocampus might just happen when the illness starts or when it gets worse, not all the time. This is important because it helps us understand schizophrenia better and could help doctors figure out how to treat it.

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Abstract Summary: This study tested a new way to encourage young adults to protect their skin from the sun, using social media. The researchers asked 66 young adults who like to tan to join a 4-week program. They were split into two groups: one group posted about healthy skin habits, and the other about a healthy lifestyle. The study found that almost all participants enjoyed the program and would recommend it to a friend. The group that posted about healthy skin habits showed a bigger decrease in their desire to tan and a bigger increase in their desire to use sunscreen and wear protective clothing. This suggests that using social media could be a good way to help young adults avoid skin cancer. Future studies should look at how well this works over a longer time.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a big study to see if certain medicines can help stop people from getting PTSD after they go through something really scary. PTSD is when someone keeps feeling stressed and scared after the scary thing is over. The researchers looked at a lot of different medicines to see if they could help people not get PTSD. They checked out 13 studies with 2023 people in them. Some of the medicines they looked at were hydrocortisone and propranolol. They found out that it's not clear if these medicines really help. The studies had some problems, like not enough people finished them, or the results weren't reported the right way. Also, the studies didn't agree with each other, and some didn't have enough information. They didn't even look at how these medicines might affect how people live their lives or how happy they are. So, right now, we don't know for sure if these medicines can stop PTSD. The scientists say we need more and better studies to figure it out. They also say it's important to know if the medicines have bad side effects and if they make people's lives better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if taking a lot of vitamin D every day is safe. They gave 2,423 people who were a bit heavy and almost had diabetes either 4,000 units of vitamin D or a fake pill that didn't do anything. They checked on these people for three years to see if they had any health problems. They found that the people taking vitamin D didn't have more health issues than those who took the fake pill. This means that taking this much vitamin D is safe for people who are a bit heavy and might get diabetes, as long as a doctor is watching over them.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at whether getting more sleep could help overweight adults eat less and lose weight. The researchers worked with adults who usually didn't get enough sleep. They split them into two groups: one group was taught how to get more sleep, while the other group didn't change their sleep habits. The results showed that the group who got more sleep ate less and lost weight. This suggests that getting enough sleep could be a good way to help prevent obesity and assist in weight loss.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if treating a common infection in women's private parts, called bacterial vaginosis (BV), would make the area less inflamed and help protect against HIV. They gave women medicine and then checked to see what kind of tiny living things were in the area and how much inflammation there was. They found that the medicine made the inflammation go down a lot because it got rid of the bad bacteria that cause BV. Even though some good bacteria (called Lactobacillus) became more common, it was really the loss of the bad bacteria that helped, not just having more good bacteria. This is important because it helps doctors understand how to better treat BV and keep women healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying why some people with HIV, who are taking medicine to control their virus, still have trouble with a part of their immune system not recovering fully. They noticed that people with HIV who are also heavier (or obese) seem to have better immune system recovery. They think a substance called leptin, which is more common in heavier people, might help the immune system cells grow and work better. To study this, they took blood from people with HIV who were either heavier or not, and added leptin to see what would happen. They found that in heavier people, leptin made their immune cells grow more and act stronger. This research suggests that leptin might be important in helping the immune system recover in people with HIV, especially if they are heavier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if including a person's race in a kidney health test changes who gets to join a diabetes and kidney disease study and what the results are. They looked at a medicine called canagliflozin in a big study with people who have type 2 diabetes and kidney problems. They used different ways to measure how well the kidneys work, with and without considering the person's race. They found that not using race in the test would have stopped some Black people from joining the study, and these people had important health events during the study. The medicine worked well for everyone, no matter how they measured kidney health. This research helps us understand that small changes in how we test kidney health can affect who gets into studies and what we learn from them.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to help adults walk more because walking a lot can keep people from getting sick with long-term diseases. They used a phone app to set walking goals and gave people money right away or later when they walked enough. They had 512 grown-ups wear step-counting gadgets for a year to see how much they walked. They found that changing the walking goals to be harder or easier helped people walk more, and giving money right away helped even more. When they did both—changing goals and giving money right away—people walked the most. This study shows that using phone apps and rewards can make people walk more, which is good for their health.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a new way to help young people lose weight using technology like mobile apps and social media. They think gaining too much weight when you're young can lead to health problems later. In their study, called SMART 2.0, they have 642 young adults who are a bit heavier than they should be. These young people get special tools like a fitness tracker and an app to help them keep track of their weight. There are three groups in the study. The first group gets daily text messages and social media posts with tips on how to lose weight. The second group gets all that plus help from a health coach through technology. The third group only gets the fitness tracker and app without the extra advice. The researchers will check everyone's weight and health over two years to see which group does the best. They think the groups getting the extra help will lose more weight, especially the one with the health coach. This study is important because it could show a cheap and easy way for lots of young people to stay healthy by losing weight.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are working on a special ring that women can use to protect themselves from HIV. This ring is important because women can use it on their own and it works for a long time. To make sure women like and want to use the ring, researchers talked to women in the United States who tried different ring designs. They found out that women prefer rings that are easy to use, comfortable, work well, and look nice. The study suggests that the people who make these rings should think about what women want and like when they create and sell them. This way, more women might use the rings to stay healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if a special score that looks at many different genes could help predict heart disease in older people. They studied over 12,000 healthy older adults who had never had heart problems before. These adults were part of a big study that also looked at whether taking aspirin every day could help them stay healthy longer. The researchers used the gene score, which includes information from 1.7 million genetic variants, to guess who might have heart problems like a heart attack or die from heart disease in the next five years. They found that this gene score did a good job of predicting heart disease on top of other usual risk factors like high blood pressure or cholesterol. When they added the gene score to these risk factors, they could predict heart disease even better. This means that using this gene score could help doctors figure out which older people might need more help to prevent heart disease. This is important because it could help keep older adults healthy and free from heart problems.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand why people with a disease called lupus (SLE) get infections easily. They looked at a protein called S100A9 in the body's infection-fighting cells (neutrophils). They found that people with lupus have too much of this protein inside their neutrophils. This extra protein makes the neutrophils not work as well to kill bacteria. The study showed that by helping these cells make a certain substance (mitochondrial superoxide), they could fight bacteria better. This research is important because it could help find new ways to protect people with lupus from infections.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find a quick way to tell if people's blood has strong antibodies that can fight off the virus that causes COVID-19. They made a new test that first checks if the antibodies can grab onto a part of the virus. If they can, they then see if the antibodies can actually stop the virus from working using a special virus in a lab test. They also made a standard way to measure how good the antibodies are by using a mix of two strong antibodies. This new test can help us figure out which blood from people who got better from COVID-19 is really good at stopping the virus and can help us make better treatments.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied how to help kids aged 3 to 8 who have trouble behaving, especially those from families with less money. They tested a special program that teaches parents how to deal with their kids' behavior. Some families used the regular program, while others used a version with extra technology help. They checked on the families before and after the program, and then again 3 and 6 months later. They found that both programs helped parents and kids, but the tech version was better at keeping the good results even after 6 months. This study shows that using technology can make it easier for families with less money to stick with the program and help their kids behave better for a longer time.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called atrasentan helps people with diabetes and kidney problems. They looked at 3668 patients and checked if the medicine could prevent their kidneys from getting worse or if it could cause heart problems. They found that atrasentan can help protect the kidneys, especially for those with more serious kidney issues. However, it might also increase the chance of having heart problems, like heart failure. The study showed that the medicine's ability to protect the kidneys was the same for everyone, no matter how bad their kidney problem was at the start. But the risk of heart problems didn't change either, no matter the person's kidney health when they began the study. This information is important for doctors and patients to think about when choosing treatments.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how our body's defense cells (called CD4+ T cells) that have never seen HIV (the virus that can cause AIDS) before, react when they get a special kind of pretend-HIV vaccine. They tested 20 people who never had HIV and gave them two types of pretend-HIV vaccines to help their bodies prepare to fight the real virus. They found that before getting the vaccine, some people already had defense cells that could recognize parts of HIV. After the first vaccine, these defense cells got stronger in some people. But after the second vaccine, the defense cells didn't recognize the same parts of HIV. This study helps us understand that the defense cells we already have can affect how well a new vaccine works. This is important for making better vaccines to protect us from diseases like HIV.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how well a new test can find special markers in the blood that might tell if someone is likely to get type 1 diabetes. This test is called an ECL test, and it's supposed to be better than older tests. They looked at 602 people who have family members with type 1 diabetes. They wanted to see if certain genes, which are like instructions in our body, were linked to the results of the ECL test. They found that people with certain gene patterns were more likely to have these markers show up in the ECL test. This means that the test could help doctors figure out who might get diabetes. Knowing this can help people take steps to stay healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are trying to make a vaccine to stop HIV, a virus that can make people very sick. They found that some types of vaccines can make special parts of the blood, called antibodies, work better to fight the virus. They tested different mixes of vaccines in people and saw which ones made the best antibodies. They learned that vaccines with something called adenoviral vectors were really good at making strong antibodies that lasted a long time and helped other cells in the body fight the virus too. This information can help make even better vaccines in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a special online program to help people with epilepsy, especially those living in the countryside, take better care of themselves. This program, called SMART, has already helped people in cities feel less sad and enjoy life more. Now, they want to see if it works just as well for people in rural areas. They're asking people from these communities to share their ideas to make the program even better. Then, they will have some people try the program right away, while others wait for six months to start. They want to see if the program helps reduce health problems like seizures or trips to the hospital, and if it makes people's lives better overall. This study will help figure out the best ways to support people with epilepsy no matter where they live.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if special exercises could help women with a condition called lipedema. This condition is different from being overweight and can cause pain and make life harder. They had five women do physical therapy for six weeks and checked their pain levels, how well they could move, and used a special MRI scan to look at the salt in their legs before and after the therapy. After the therapy, the women felt less pain, could move better, and the MRI showed less salt in their legs, which means less swelling and inflammation. This study shows that exercises can really help people with lipedema feel better, even though there's no cure for the condition yet. More studies are needed to find the best way to help these people with exercises.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists think that paying too much attention to scary things might lead to or keep up anxiety problems. They did a study to see how people's brains react to happy or angry faces, which might help us understand anxiety better. They used a special brain scan called ERP to see how the brain works when people look at these faces. They found that certain parts of the brain react more when people see happy faces compared to angry ones. They also noticed that the brain acts differently when it's surprised by where the faces show up. The study showed that these brain reactions are consistent and could help us learn more about why some people get really anxious. They also looked at how fast people react to the faces, which could give more clues about anxiety. This research is important because it can help us figure out better ways to help people who are anxious.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors did a study to see if a medicine called nitroglycerin, which you put under your tongue, can help people with a type of heart problem where the heart can't pump blood well. They used a special camera to look at how blood moves in the body. First, they tested people without heart problems to see how their blood moves normally. Then, they gave them the medicine and checked again. They found that after taking the medicine, there was more blood in the belly area and less blood in the lungs. This is good because it means the heart doesn't have to work as hard to pump blood. This study helps doctors understand how this medicine can help people with heart problems by making it easier for their hearts to pump blood.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are checking if texting or sending voice or video messages can help people feel better, just like talking to a therapist in person or through video calls. They are doing a big study with 1000 adults who feel very sad to see which way works best. Some people will just text, some will just have video calls, and some will do both. After 6 weeks, they'll check who is feeling better. If someone isn't feeling much better, they'll try a different method. They want to see if these methods also help people get along better with others. The study is approved to make sure it's done right, and they'll share what they learn with other scientists and doctors. This could help lots of people get help in a way that works best for them.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if the tiny living things in our guts (microbes) can tell us how much of a certain molecule, called TMAO, is in our blood. TMAO can be bad for our hearts, and it goes up when we eat red meat. They had healthy people eat different kinds of food, like red meat, white meat, and vegetarian food, for four weeks. They then checked their poop, blood, and pee. They were looking for special parts of the microbes (genes) that might make TMAO. But they found that even if they saw these parts, it didn't really help them guess how much TMAO would be in the blood. They also tried to see if these genes were active in the poop, but that didn't work well either. So, they learned that just because the genes are there, it doesn't mean they can tell how much TMAO will be in someone's body. This is important because it helps us understand that it's not so simple to predict heart disease risk by looking at gut microbes.

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Abstract Summary: This study is about helping immigrant women who have been hurt by their partners. The researchers are testing a special online program to see if it can make these women feel safer and stronger. First, the women are put into two groups. One group uses the online program, and the other group gets regular help. They check how the women are doing after 3, 6, and 12 months. If some women don't feel better after 3 months, they try different ways of helping them, like sending texts or making phone calls. The goal is to find the best way to help each woman. If the program works well, it could be used by people who help immigrant women everywhere. The study's number is NCT04098276, and it started on September 13, 2019.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to learn more about a common problem called lymphedema that can happen after breast cancer treatment. This problem causes swelling in the arms. They used a special machine called an MRI to look at the fat and muscle in the arms of women who had this swelling and women who didn't. They found that women with swelling had more fat compared to muscle in their swollen arm. They also noticed that the more severe the swelling, the more fat there was. This discovery could help doctors find out sooner if someone is getting lymphedema and how bad it is.

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Abstract Summary: This study, called "Couples Lived Experiences," is looking at how the lives of older couples change when one person starts to have trouble with their memory and thinking. The researchers want to know how these changes affect the feelings and health of both people in the couple. Before, most studies only looked at the person with memory problems or the person taking care of them, but not both together. The study will ask 300 couples to answer questions every six months for three years. They will use special surveys to learn about the couple's relationship and how it affects their happiness, health, and if they need more help, like moving to a nursing home. They will also talk to the couples to understand their stories better. The information from this study will help create ways to help older couples stay happy and healthy when one of them starts to have memory problems.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: Scientists think that changing how people with depression react to happy things might help them feel better. They tested this idea by having some people with depression do special computer exercises designed to make them more likely to move towards happy, friendly signals. Another group just did regular computer tasks. They wanted to see if the brains of the people doing the special exercises changed in a good way. After the training, the people who did the special exercises showed more brain activity in the parts that feel excited when looking forward to fun social stuff, compared to the other group. They also found that certain parts of the brain started working together better, which might make people feel happier before hanging out with others. This study suggests that computer exercises could help change the brain in ways that make people with depression feel more positive about being with friends.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if money helps get more people to join health studies. They made a plan to help decide how much money to offer. First, they asked 643 people to rate different life events by how bad they were, like losing a house in a fire being really bad. Then, they had 534 people look at made-up health study situations and decide if they would join, based on how risky or hard the study seemed and if they were offered money. They found that how much money was offered and how risky or hard the study seemed were the biggest reasons people would say yes to joining. The study showed that their plan could work to figure out how much money to offer people to join real health studies in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if certain special features could help people stick to a web-based program designed to make them feel better when they're feeling down. They tried out things like getting help from a guide, chatting on a discussion board, and earning virtual badges. They wanted to know if these features, alone or together, would make people use the program more. They had 602 people try the program and found that when people got both a guide's help and virtual badges, they used the program more than if they just had one or none of these features. This was especially true for people who were feeling really sad at the start. The study showed that adding these two features could make it more likely for people to use the program and learn new skills to improve their mood. This information could help make online programs better so that more people use them to feel happier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out if changes in blood pressure over time could predict worsening kidney health in older people who are usually healthy. They studied a group of older adults from Australia and the United States, checking their health every year for about 5 years. They looked at how much each person's blood pressure went up and down and whether they developed kidney problems. They found that 27 out of 100 people got kidney disease, and it was a little more common in people whose blood pressure changed a lot. But when they considered other health factors, the link between blood pressure changes and kidney disease wasn't strong. Also, the way kidney health got worse over time was the same no matter how much a person's blood pressure changed. In simple terms, while older adults with more ups and downs in blood pressure seemed to have more kidney problems, the changes in blood pressure didn't make their kidney health get worse faster. This information is important because it helps us understand that, for healthy older people, having blood pressure that changes a lot might not be as bad for their kidneys as we thought.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a new, easier way to treat shaking hands caused by certain diseases would work well without hurting patients. They tried a special kind of treatment on adults who had shaking hands that didn't get better with other treatments. This new method didn't need surgery and didn't use a frame to keep the head still. They checked how well the treatment worked after 1 year by seeing if the shaking got better and if the patients felt better in their daily lives. They treated 33 people and found that most of them had less shaking after the treatment. People with one kind of shaking (essential tremor) felt a lot better in their lives, but people with another kind (Parkinson's disease) didn't feel much different. Only a few patients had some side effects, but they weren't too serious. The study showed that this new treatment might be a good option for people with shaking hands that don't get better with other treatments, but the doctors said they need to do more research to be sure it's safe and works well over a longer time.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors are doing a big study called FASTEST to see if a special medicine called rFVIIa can help people who have had a very bad kind of stroke that causes bleeding in the brain. This bleeding can get worse and cause more damage or even death. The medicine might stop the bleeding from getting bigger if it's given really quickly, within 2 hours after the stroke starts. They're going to give the medicine or a pretend medicine (placebo) to about 860 people who just had this kind of stroke. They want to see if the people who get the real medicine do better after 6 months than those who don't. They're being very careful to make sure it's safe and are watching for any bad things that might happen because of the medicine. This study is important because it might help doctors learn how to treat this dangerous kind of stroke better and save more lives.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at why people in the U.S. drive fast and why they slow down as they get older. They asked 309 drivers about their habits and thoughts on speeding. The results showed that some drivers don't think speeding is dangerous once they're good at driving. But as they get older, they slow down because they worry more about their family and other people on the road. The study suggests that to get people to slow down, we need to teach them that speeding makes driving less safe, connect speeding with danger, and use better road design and police strategies.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a brain disease called Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) that can happen to people who have had many head injuries, like football players or boxers. Right now, doctors can't tell if someone has CTE until after they've passed away. A big research project called DIAGNOSE CTE is trying to find ways to spot CTE in people while they are still alive. They are looking at 240 men, some who played football and some who didn't, to see if they can find signs of CTE using special brain scans, tests, and collecting things like blood and saliva. They started checking these men in 2015 and will keep doing it for a few years. The goal is to learn how to tell if someone has CTE early, which could help find ways to treat or prevent the disease in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Researchers made a website to help parents of kids with autism learn about sleep problems. They used this website to run a study where parents either got a sleep education pamphlet or the pamphlet plus some extra materials. The website made the study easier to run and more parents joined than expected. The study didn't show that the extra materials helped more than just the pamphlet. But, parents who saw a big improvement in their family's sleep habits also saw a big improvement in their child's sleep. This shows that websites can be a good way to do research and help parents of kids with autism.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if boys and girls have different brain features before they ever try alcohol that might make them drink differently when they grow up. They looked at brain scans of kids around 9 years old who had never had alcohol and then asked them about their drinking habits 17 years later. They found that for girls, certain smaller parts of the brain when they were kids were linked to drinking more as adults, but this wasn't as strong for boys. This study helps us understand that boys and girls might have different reasons for how they drink when they're older, and knowing this could help us figure out how to prevent drinking problems before they start.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying how mild brain injuries, which happen a lot, especially in the military, can cause long-term problems like thinking slowly or forgetting things. They looked at the brains of 12 people with these injuries and 26 people without them, using special brain scans to measure the brain's connections and the surface of the brain. They used math to make sense of all the information they got from the scans. They found that people with brain injuries had different brain connections and thicker areas in some parts of their brain. Understanding these changes can help doctors figure out how to help people with these injuries feel better.

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Abstract Summary: This article talks about how to do a really good research study using the internet instead of meeting people in person. The researchers had to change their study to be online because of the COVID-19 pandemic. They started meeting people in person in September 2019 but had to switch to online in March 2020. They finished collecting information online by September 2020. They share tips based on what they learned and what other studies say about doing research online. These tips can help nurses and other researchers do important studies from far away, even with people in other countries. The article shows that even when you can't meet people face-to-face, you can still do a great job researching by using the internet carefully and thoughtfully.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how certain rare changes in two genes, called PCSK9 and APOB, can lead to lower levels of bad cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood and help protect against heart disease. They looked at these genes in over 13,000 older people who were healthy and didn't have heart disease. They found that some people had these special gene changes, which made their bad cholesterol levels lower than those who didn't have the changes. People with these gene changes also didn't need to take as many cholesterol-lowering drugs (like statins). This research helps us understand that some people have a natural protection against heart disease because of their genes.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are doing a study to see if a special online program can help older people who are really scared of losing their memory and getting dementia. They think that being too worried about memory loss can actually make people feel worse and even make them think they're forgetting things when they're not. They're going to have 80 people try out two different versions of the program to see which one works better. One group will learn about dementia and practice mindfulness, which is like calming their minds. The other group will do the same things but also learn how to not pull away from friends or stop doing things they enjoy. They hope that the second group will end up feeling less scared about losing their memory and have a better quality of life. They'll check on everyone a few times during and after the program to see how it's going. This study could help us understand how to make people less afraid of getting dementia as they get older.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how the fat under the skin of people with HIV works, because their medicine and the virus itself might make them more likely to get a liver problem called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. They looked at 97 people with HIV who were taking medicine to keep their virus levels low. They used special body scans to check the fat in their liver, muscles, and around their belly and heart. They also tested the activity of certain fat-related genes. They found that when the liver had more fat, some fat-related genes in the skin didn't work as they should. People with more liver fat also had more fat around their belly and heart, and higher levels of a fat called triglycerides in their blood. But the amount of fat under the skin or in the muscles didn't seem to be linked to liver fat. This study suggests that the way fat is stored and managed in the bodies of people with HIV might be part of the reason they are more likely to get liver disease. Understanding this could help doctors find better ways to treat or prevent this problem.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a blood pressure medicine called losartan could help people with PTSD, which is a condition where someone keeps feeling scared or stressed after a bad event. They gave the medicine or a fake pill (placebo) to 149 men and women for 10 weeks. They checked to see if the people felt less scared or stressed after taking the medicine. In the end, they found that losartan didn't really work better than the fake pill. Both groups felt a little better, but it wasn't because of the losartan. The study helps us understand that even if we think a medicine will work for something like PTSD, we need to test it to make sure.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if measuring certain things in the blood could help predict Alzheimer's disease. They looked at two blood markers, called p-tau181 and NfL, in 865 people. They wanted to see if changes in these markers could tell us about future brain health and how well people could think and remember things. They found that as Alzheimer's disease gets worse, the levels of these markers in the blood go up. NfL was especially good at showing changes over time in people with Alzheimer's compared to healthy people. Both markers were useful in guessing how much of the bad stuff that builds up in the brain, like tau and amyloid, there would be later on. Also, NfL levels were linked to how well people could think at the time of the test. This study is important because it shows that these blood tests could help doctors figure out who might get Alzheimer's and how the disease might progress.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if changes in blood pressure in older people who were still mentally sharp could make them more likely to get dementia or have their thinking skills get worse. They looked at over 19,000 older adults who didn't have dementia or big memory problems when the study started. These adults had their blood pressure checked and did thinking tests at the beginning and then again later on. The study found that older men with bigger changes in their blood pressure over time were more likely to get dementia and have their thinking skills decline. This was true even when the scientists took into account their usual blood pressure and whether they were taking medicine for it. For women, the results weren't as clear. In simple words, if an older person, especially a man, has blood pressure that goes up and down a lot, it might mean they have a higher chance of getting dementia or having trouble with tasks that require thinking and remembering.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a new way to help women who have had ovarian cancer feel less tired. They know that these women often feel very tired even after their cancer treatment is done, and there aren't many ways to help them right now. They are looking at a method called self-acupressure, where people press on certain parts of their body to feel better. They've seen it work for women with breast cancer, but they haven't tried it for ovarian cancer yet. To test this, they're going to have 165 women who had ovarian cancer use a special app and a tool to do self-acupressure every day for 6 weeks. They'll compare these women to others who use a fake app and tool, and some who don't use anything at all. The women will tell the scientists how tired they feel before, during, and after using the app and tool. They'll also share how well they sleep and how they feel overall. If this study shows that pressing on certain body parts with the help of an app and tool can make women less tired, it could be a cheap and easy way for them to feel better after cancer treatment. This could be really good news for women who have had ovarian cancer and are dealing with a lot of tiredness.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a new kind of ring that women can use to prevent HIV is safe and if people would like to use it. This ring is special because it can be used for three months instead of changing it every month. They tested two new rings with different amounts of medicine (100 mg and 200 mg) and compared them to the old ring that has less medicine (25 mg). They had 49 women try these rings for about three months. They found that all the rings were safe and didn't cause many problems. The new rings had more medicine in the body than the old ring. Most women used the rings all the time like they were supposed to, and they thought the rings were okay to use. The old ring was liked a little more than the new ones. The study showed that the new rings work well and have more medicine, which is good for preventing HIV. This means that these rings could be a good choice for women to use in the future to stay safe from HIV.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how having extra sex chromosomes (X or Y) can affect the brain and behavior. The researchers used brain scans to map changes in the white matter, which is part of the brain that helps different areas communicate. They found that having extra X or Y chromosomes can cause decreases in white matter in some areas and increases in others. These changes were linked to certain behavioral problems. The study also found that these changes in white matter are connected to changes in gray matter, another part of the brain. This research helps us understand how extra sex chromosomes can affect the brain and behavior.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a big study to see what side effects people might have when they use different medicines to help them stop smoking. They looked at a lot of people, some with and some without mental health issues, who were trying to quit smoking. The medicines they tested were called varenicline, bupropion, and a nicotine patch. They wanted to see how often and how bad the side effects were, like feeling sick, not being able to sleep, having weird dreams, feeling anxious or grumpy, having a dry mouth, feeling tired, or having itchy skin where the patch was. They found that these side effects did happen more with the medicines than with a fake medicine (placebo), but they weren't too bad. Very few people had to stop taking the medicine because of the side effects. The researchers said that doctors can tell people that if they do get side effects, they won't be too hard to handle. This is good news for people who want to quit smoking because it means the medicines to help them quit are mostly okay to take.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are working on making new vaccines to fight against HIV, a virus that can cause AIDS. They did a study to figure out how to make a special part of the virus, called gp120, which they want to use in vaccines. They used a kit to grow cells that can make the gp120 part, and they found a way to feed these cells so they could produce a lot of it. They also developed a cleaning process to make sure the gp120 is pure and safe. They tested the quality of the gp120 to make sure it's good enough to use in vaccines. They were able to make four different kinds of gp120 using the same methods. Sometimes they had to make small changes, but mostly they could use the same steps for each kind. This work shows that their way of making vaccines is good and can be used to make other important vaccines in the future. This could help a lot of people around the world by preventing diseases. They even started testing these vaccines in people to see if they work well.

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Abstract Summary: Some soldiers who have hurt their heads in a mild way (mTBI) have problems with seeing and hearing that don't go away quickly. It's hard to figure out why this happens because the tools doctors use to look at the brain don't show anything wrong. In this small study, researchers used special brain scans on 8 soldiers with mTBI and compared them to 22 people without mTBI. They looked at lots of different brain measurements and used a computer program to see if they could tell the difference between the two groups. They found that their method worked really well and could also connect the brain scan results to the problems the soldiers said they were having. This study is important because it shows that these new brain scans might help us understand and maybe even help soldiers with these kinds of problems.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special score based on a person's genes can tell if older people might have a stroke. They looked at the health of 12,792 older people who had never had heart problems, dementia, or serious physical disabilities. They used a big list of 3.6 million gene changes to make a score for each person. Over about 5 years, they watched to see who had a stroke. They found that the gene score could help predict strokes better than just looking at usual health risks. People with higher scores were more likely to have a stroke. When they added the gene score to the usual health checks, they got a little better at predicting strokes, especially certain types. This study is important because it shows that looking at genes can help tell which older adults might have a stroke. This could help doctors keep an eye on people who might need more help to stay healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a big study called CREDENCE to see if a medicine called canagliflozin helps people with type 2 diabetes and kidney problems. They gave the medicine to some people and a pretend pill (placebo) to others. They found that the people who took canagliflozin had fewer kidney problems. Even when some people got a sudden kidney injury, those who took canagliflozin were more likely to get better quickly. This study is important because it shows that canagliflozin can help keep kidneys safe in people with diabetes. The study was paid for by the company that makes canagliflozin, and they worked with doctors and researchers to do the research.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand how the brains of people with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY syndrome) work differently. Klinefelter syndrome is when a boy is born with an extra X chromosome, which can make learning or thinking hard for them. The researchers looked at brain scans of 75 people with XXY and 84 people without it while they were resting. They found that a part of the brain called the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was more active and connected to other brain parts in people with XXY. This extra activity was linked to changes in brain size in certain areas and to how severe their learning or thinking problems were. This study helps us understand more about Klinefelter syndrome and could help doctors and scientists find better ways to help people with this condition.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors are studying a liver problem called NAFLD that happens a lot in people with HIV. They found that a medicine called tesamorelin can help reduce fat in the liver and stop the liver from getting hurt in people with HIV. They did a special test to see how tesamorelin works on certain proteins in the blood that can cause swelling and damage in the liver. They found that tesamorelin made some of these bad proteins go down, which is good because it means the liver isn't getting as sick. This is important because it shows that tesamorelin can help people with HIV keep their livers healthy, and it might lead to new ways to treat liver problems.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand why people with Parkinson's disease (PD) often speak with less stress on words, while people with ALS (a muscle disease) or MS (a nerve disease) put too much or the same stress on all words when they talk. They wanted to see if the way these people move their lips and mouth when they speak could explain these differences. They had 57 people join the study, including some with PD, ALS, or MS, and some without any of these diseases. Everyone had to say certain words while wearing a special device that tracked how their lips moved. They found that the way people with ALS moved their lips was different from those without the disease, more so than those with PD or MS. People with ALS and MS had similar lip movement problems, which means the speech issues in ALS and MS might not be because of the specific disease but because of a general problem with how they move their lips. This study helps us understand that people with different diseases might have trouble speaking because of the way they move their lips, and it's not just because of the disease they have. This could help doctors and therapists find better ways to help these people with their speech.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are doing a big study called the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI) to learn about how genes and the world around us might cause eating disorders like anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating. They're going to look at the health information and saliva from over 14,500 people with these eating disorders from places like the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Denmark. They'll also compare them to 1,500 people who don't have eating disorders. In Denmark, they'll use blood samples that were saved when people were babies. They want to find out what's different in the genes of people with eating disorders and how these differences are related to other mental and physical health issues. The goal is to find things that doctors can use to help people with eating disorders get better. This study is really big and important because it's the largest one ever done on the genetics of eating disorders.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying two new chemicals, DMA and 11β-MNT, to see if they can be used as birth control for men. They wanted to find out if these chemicals change how the body uses sugar and fat. They gave these chemicals, or a pretend pill, to healthy men for 28 days and then checked their blood. They found that both chemicals made some changes, like a small weight gain and changes in good and bad cholesterol levels, but they didn't make the body worse at using sugar. One chemical slightly lowered a fat-related substance in the blood, but the other didn't. The study says that even though these new chemicals didn't cause big problems with sugar use, doctors should still watch carefully for any changes in how the body works when testing new man-birth control pills.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a new way to help people who feel sad or worried all the time. This new method, called Amplification of Positivity (AMP), aims to make people think and feel more positively by doing certain activities. They wanted to see if AMP changes how the brain works when people think about winning or losing money. They had 29 people with sadness or worry problems try AMP or just wait (as a comparison group). They used a special brain scan called fMRI to look at their brains before and after the treatment while they thought about money. They didn't find any big changes in the specific brain areas they were looking at, but they did see that the brains of the people who tried AMP were working together better, especially when they thought about losing money. This means that AMP might help the brain's different parts communicate better when dealing with loss, which could be good for people who are feeling down or anxious.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a big study called EAGLES to see if certain stop-smoking medicines (varenicline, bupropion, or nicotine patches) cause bad side effects in the brain, compared to a fake medicine (placebo). They tested lots of smokers, some with and some without mental health issues, from all over the world. They used a special math method called Bayes factors to be really sure about their results. They found that, for most people, these medicines didn't increase the risk of having brain side effects. For people with mental health problems, the results were pretty good too, but the scientists weren't as sure. This means that these stop-smoking medicines are probably safe for your brain, whether you've had mental health issues or not.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a part of the brain called the hippocampus works differently in people who are just starting to experience a type of mental health issue called psychosis. They thought that this brain part might not work as well over time in these people. They had 147 people do a special task that checks how the hippocampus is working. Some of these people were just beginning to have psychosis, and some were not having any mental health issues. They checked on them again after 2 years. They found that the hippocampus in people with early psychosis didn't get worse over the 2 years, which was not what they expected. This information is important because it helps us understand that the hippocampus might not change much in the early stages of psychosis, and we need to study people for a longer time to really know what happens to the brain in psychosis.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a medicine called SGLT2i could help people with type 2 diabetes and kidney problems avoid strokes and heart rhythm issues. They did a study with 4401 people, giving some the medicine and others a placebo. They found that the medicine might help prevent certain types of strokes and heart rhythm problems, especially in people with more serious kidney issues. They think more research is needed to be sure, but this could be good news for keeping people with diabetes and kidney disease healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if a drug called tesamorelin could help people with HIV and a liver disease called NAFLD. They tested the drug on 61 people and compared it to a placebo (a fake drug). They found that tesamorelin lowered the levels of 13 proteins in the body that are linked to immune system activity. This suggests that the drug could help calm down the immune system in people with HIV and NAFLD. This is important because it could lead to new treatments for these conditions. The study was registered under the number NCT02196831.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if kids who are teased about their weight end up having unhealthy eating habits because they feel sad or anxious. They asked 201 kids, ages 8 to 17, about being teased, how they eat, and if they feel depressed or worried. They found that kids who were teased about their weight did have more problems with eating too much or eating when they weren't hungry, and it was often because they felt bad about themselves. They also found that these kids were more likely to lose control over their eating sometimes. The study tells us that making fun of someone's weight can really hurt their feelings and lead to unhealthy eating, so it's important to be kind to everyone, no matter what they look like.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a medicine called canagliflozin could help people with diabetes avoid heart attacks. They looked at two big studies with people who had diabetes and either heart problems or kidney disease. Some people got canagliflozin, and some got a pretend pill. They found that canagliflozin didn't stop heart attacks in general. But it did seem to help with one kind of heart attack (non-STEMI) and maybe made another kind (STEMI) happen more. The medicine didn't change the number of people who died from heart attacks. The doctors think more research is needed to understand why the medicine helped with one kind of heart attack but not the other.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists have created a new way to look at how different parts of the brain grow and work together, called Anatomical Imbalance Mapping (AIM). They used this method to study brain changes from childhood to old age. They found that the brain's different parts connect more tightly by the age of 25 and start to connect less closely after age 70. The parts of the brain that help us think and understand things change the most, while the parts that help us move and feel things change the least. They also discovered that people who had more stress before they were born or who are not as good at thinking tasks have brains that are less well connected. This research helps us understand how our brains are organized and why they might be different from one another.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if having mental health issues or using substances made it harder for people to stop smoking. They looked at smokers from 16 countries who were trying to quit. These smokers were given different treatments: a drug called varenicline, another drug called bupropion, a nicotine replacement, or a fake treatment (placebo) for 12 weeks. They checked on them for 12 more weeks after that. They found that over a third of the smokers had more than one mental health problem. Smokers with more mental health issues had a higher chance of experiencing serious mood or behavior changes when they tried to quit. However, having these issues didn't make it harder for them to stick to their treatment or to successfully quit smoking. The study tells doctors that it's okay to give medicines approved by the FDA to help smokers with mental health problems quit smoking. But, doctors should also watch these smokers carefully for any serious mood or behavior changes that might happen because of their mental health conditions.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if special computer brain games could help older people who have trouble remembering things (a condition called Mild Cognitive Impairment). They had 113 people play these games to see if it would make their memory and attention better. Some people played different games just for fun. Right after playing for 40 hours, the people who played the fun games did better on a memory test than those who played the special brain games. But after a year, there was no difference between the two groups. The study found that the special brain games didn't really help people remember better, but playing the fun games might have some short-term benefits. This information could help decide what kind of activities doctors suggest for people with memory problems.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how a protein called Aβ builds up in the brain at the start of Alzheimer's disease. Using a special brain scan, the researchers found two important levels of Aβ buildup. The first level shows the early buildup of Aβ, and the second level shows when there's a lot of Aβ, which is common in Alzheimer's. They found that people with a lot of Aβ were more likely to get Alzheimer's. Also, another protein called tau didn't build up unless there was a lot of Aβ. This study helps us understand who might get Alzheimer's and could help find ways to stop it early.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if certain medicines that affect the nerves, called anticholinergic medications, could make older people more likely to get dementia or have a stroke. They looked at over 19,000 older adults who were healthy at the start and didn't have serious heart problems or dementia. They used a special score to see how much of these medicines people were taking. After about 5 years, they found that people who took more of these medicines had a higher chance of getting dementia or having a stroke, especially a type of dementia caused by different problems in the brain. The study suggests that older people should try to take less of these medicines to stay healthier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand why people with an extra Y chromosome (called XYY syndrome) often have different mental health and learning challenges. They looked at 58 families where someone had XYY syndrome and compared their thinking skills and behaviors to their family members who didn't have the extra chromosome. They found that people with XYY syndrome were quite different from their families in many ways, but they did find some similarities in general smarts and vocabulary. They also noticed that if a family generally had higher thinking skills, the person with XYY syndrome in that family might have less severe autism-like behaviors. The study helps doctors guess how someone with XYY syndrome might be affected by looking at their family. This could help in giving better care to people with XYY syndrome and other similar conditions.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn more about the special fat in our bodies that helps burn calories and keep us warm, called brown fat. They used a special machine called an MRI to look at this brown fat and compare it to the regular white fat that stores energy. They tested 21 people and found that the brown fat has different signals on the MRI and less of certain types of fat compared to white fat. This is important because it could help us understand how to fight diseases like diabetes and obesity by turning on the brown fat without needing to be cold or use other tests.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if taking vitamin D could help prevent cancer in people who are more likely to get it because they are overweight and have a condition called prediabetes. They did a study with people who didn't have cancer for the last five years. These people either got vitamin D pills or fake pills without vitamin D every day. The researchers checked on them four times a year to see if they got cancer or signs that might lead to cancer. After about three years, they found that vitamin D didn't really change the chances of getting cancer or growths in the colon that could turn into cancer. This means that for these people, just taking vitamin D might not be enough to stop cancer from happening.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to learn more about how well a smallpox vaccine works. They gave 523 people who had never had the vaccine two doses in different ways: as a dry shot, a wet shot, or a wet shot just under the skin. They tested people's blood to see how their bodies were fighting the germs. They found that the vaccine made the body create fighters against 15 smallpox parts, especially two important ones. When people got the wet shot, their body's fighters matched up well with their ability to stop the smallpox. For the wet shot under the skin, one fighter matched with a special defense response. Knowing which parts the body fights can help make better vaccines in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if 100 units or 200 units of a special medicine called onabotulinumtoxinA works better for women who have to rush to the bathroom a lot, a condition called urgency incontinence. They looked at 307 women for 6 months. Some women got 100 units and some got 200 units of the medicine. They wanted to know how much the medicine reduced the number of times the women had to rush to the bathroom, if the women felt better, if their quality of life improved, and if they had any side effects. They found that women who got 100 units actually did a little better than those who got 200 units. The women with 100 units had fewer bathroom rushes and felt more improvement. Also, there wasn't a big difference in side effects between the two groups. The study suggests that taking more of the medicine doesn't always mean better results, and how severe the bathroom rushing problem is to start with might be more important to consider. This information can help doctors and patients decide on the best treatment.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how a drug called canagliflozin helps people with type 2 diabetes who have a lot of a protein called albumin in their urine, a sign of kidney problems. The researchers studied over 4,000 people and found that the drug helped reduce kidney and heart problems in these patients. The drug was especially helpful for those with very high levels of albumin in their urine. This is good news because it means this drug can help protect the kidneys and hearts of people with type 2 diabetes, especially those with serious kidney issues.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a computer program named "Gabby" could help women eat better and take the right vitamins before they get pregnant. They looked at 480 women who had some eating or vitamin habits that could be better. Half of the women talked to Gabby for a year, and the other half got a letter telling them to talk to a doctor. After 6 months, the women who used Gabby were doing better at eating right and taking vitamins than the women who just got a letter. The study shows that Gabby might help lots of women be healthier, especially before having a baby. More research is needed to see if this really helps women and babies stay healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are working on a special kind of shot to stop malaria from spreading from people to mosquitoes. They tried a new ingredient called Pfs230 to make the shot work better. They tested it on mice, big monkeys, and people, and checked if it helped stop the spread of malaria. They found that the new ingredient worked really well in monkeys and in some people, especially when it worked together with another part of the body's defense system. This new shot could be a better way to help stop malaria from spreading, but they need to do more tests to be sure.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a medicine called canagliflozin helps lower blood pressure in people who have type 2 diabetes and kidney disease. They did a study with 4401 people, giving some the medicine and others a placebo, which is like a sugar pill with no medicine in it. They found that canagliflozin did help lower blood pressure pretty quickly and kept it lower during the study. It worked for everyone, no matter how high their blood pressure was or what other medicines they were taking. Also, people who took canagliflozin didn't need to start taking more blood pressure medicines as often. This medicine also helped with kidney problems and heart disease without causing other issues. So, the study shows that canagliflozin can be good for people with diabetes and kidney disease to help protect their organs and control blood pressure.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a special test to see if a natural substance from citrus fruits, called modified citrus pectin, could help people with high blood pressure and high levels of something called galectin-3, which might be bad for their hearts. They chose some people with these issues and gave half of them the citrus substance and the other half a pretend treatment. They found out that people with more galectin-3 often were women, had diabetes, or had kidneys that weren't working very well. But, after trying the citrus stuff, it didn't really change anything about how their bodies handled a certain kind of protein that's important for their hearts. The scientists think they should look more into how this citrus substance might help people with heart problems.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to understand how a certain type of vaccine works to help our bodies fight off diseases. They tested a vaccine for the flu virus by giving it to people in different ways: swallowing a pill, a swab in the throat, or a nasal spray. They found that the vaccine stayed in the body for 2 to 4 weeks and helped the body produce more cells and proteins to fight off the flu. The longer the vaccine stayed in the body, the stronger the body's defense was. The vaccine caused mild side effects, but these were linked to a stronger defense against the flu. The vaccine's effects could be boosted even years later. This study shows that this type of vaccine could be a promising way to help our bodies fight off viruses.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to learn more about how our bodies fight off the new coronavirus. They made a special test that can find tiny parts of the virus after someone has been sick. They used this test on 67 people who had recovered from the virus to see if the sicker someone was, the stronger their body's defense (antibodies) against the virus. They discovered that people who had more severe symptoms also had higher levels of these defenses. This is important because it tells us that not everyone who gets sick will have strong protection afterward, especially if they only had mild symptoms. This information can help decide who might be safe from getting sick again and who could give plasma (part of their blood) to help treat others who are sick with the virus.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if certain diets can help women with a condition called PCOS feel less hungry and more full. PCOS can make it easier to gain weight because of changes in hunger hormones. The researchers gave 30 women with PCOS two different diets for 8 weeks each. One diet had foods that don't make blood sugar go up quickly (low GL), and the other had foods that do (high GL). They found that after eating the low GL diet, the women had more of a hormone that makes you feel full and less of a hormone that makes you feel hungry. This could mean that the low GL diet might help these women not eat as much. More studies are needed to see if this is true.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if quitting smoking medicines work the same for Black and White people. They had 1065 Black smokers and 3044 White smokers try different medicines or a pretend medicine (placebo) to help them stop smoking. They checked who could stop smoking without cheating from week 9 to week 24. They found that the medicine called varenicline was the best for helping both Black and White people quit smoking. But, Black smokers had a harder time quitting with any treatment compared to White smokers. The study didn't find out why, but it might be because of things like money problems or body differences. Knowing more about these reasons could help Black smokers quit better in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied a brain feature called Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion (IHI), which is when a part of the brain called the hippocampus doesn't form the usual way when a baby is growing in the womb. They thought that people with a condition called schizophrenia might have IHI more often, and that it could be why their hippocampus looks different. They used a special brain scan called a 3T MRI to look at the brains of 199 people with schizophrenia and 161 people without it. They found that IHI was indeed more common in those with schizophrenia, especially on the left side of the brain. This could make the hippocampus smaller and change its shape. This study helps us understand that schizophrenia might be connected to the way the brain develops before a person is born. It's important because it can lead to more research on how to help people with schizophrenia.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn about how the brain reacts to things we see a lot. Sometimes, when we see the same thing many times, our brain doesn't respond as strongly, which is normal. But for people with schizophrenia, a brain condition, this doesn't happen the way it should. The researchers looked at the brains of 70 people who just started showing signs of schizophrenia and compared them to 68 people without the condition. They checked them again after two years. They found that the brains of people with schizophrenia didn't get used to seeing the same things over and over, and this problem didn't get better or worse after two years. This study helps us understand that treating this brain response early might be important for people with schizophrenia.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors are doing a big study to help find lung cancer early in people who might get it. They asked people between 55 and 80 years old who have a higher chance of getting lung cancer to join the study. These people get special low-dose chest scans and other tests like breathing tests and sputum tests. They will visit the doctors every year for 5 years to get these tests done. The doctors keep all the information and samples in a special place so they can learn more about how to spot lung cancer sooner. They also help people to stop smoking. So far, they have found 19 people with lung cancer in the study. This research is really important because it might help doctors find lung cancer in other people faster and save lives.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if doing aerobic exercise, like running or swimming, could change how well a pain medicine called morphine works for people with long-lasting back pain. They had some people exercise 18 times and others just do their normal stuff. They tested how the people felt pain by giving them a fake medicine, morphine, or another drug that blocks morphine, both before and after the exercise period. They found that exercise didn't change much about how morphine worked for most people. But, interestingly, men who exercised needed less morphine to feel better compared to before they started exercising. Also, the more a person's body could fight pain on its own after exercising, the less morphine they needed. This means that regular exercise might help people manage pain better, especially for men, and they might not need as much medicine.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how bladder pain (IC/BPS) affects people's lives and what they need for treatment. They talked to 27 women who have this condition and asked them about their symptoms, pain, and feelings. They found that IC/BPS can make people feel sad and can make it hard to do everyday things or have good relationships. They also found that people with IC/BPS need help with managing pain, controlling emotions, communicating, and dealing with fears about intimacy. This study shows that mental health support could be really helpful for people with IC/BPS.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out how the COVID-19 pandemic affected therapy for kids with disabilities and if their parents were happy with the services. They asked 207 parents to fill out an online survey about the therapy their kids got and how they felt about it. They found that almost half of the parents weren't happy with the therapy during the pandemic. Parents liked it better when they could use telehealth (therapy over the computer or phone) and were less happy with therapy given at schools. Since therapy at school is supposed to be free and easy for families, it's important to make it better during times like the pandemic. Telehealth might be a good way to keep giving kids good therapy when it's hard to get services. More research is needed with different kinds of families and over a longer time to really understand how to help kids and their parents during tough times like a pandemic.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a medicine called canagliflozin is good and safe for people with type 2 diabetes who also have kidney problems, even if they've had heart problems before. They did a study with some people who had heart problems and some who didn't. They found out that canagliflozin helps both groups and doesn't cause bad side effects. This is important because it means that this medicine can help lots of people with diabetes and kidney issues stay healthier, even if they've had heart issues in the past.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to learn if the levels of certain hormones in women's bodies change as they get older, especially after age 70. They studied 400 women who were not taking any hormone treatments. They checked the women's hormone levels twice, three years apart, to see if there were any changes. They found that, on average, a hormone called testosterone went up a little bit in these women, but not in everyone. Another hormone that carries testosterone in the blood also went up. They didn't see big changes in other hormones they checked. The study suggests that as women get older, their testosterone levels might go up, but it's not the same for everyone. The researchers think it's important to find out if this increase in testosterone helps older women live longer or healthier lives.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors did a study to see if a medicine called canagliflozin could help people with diabetes and sick kidneys wait longer before needing dialysis (a treatment to clean their blood when kidneys can't). They found that this medicine can slow down the damage to kidneys. People taking canagliflozin might not need dialysis for about 13 more years compared to those who didn't take it. This could save a lot of money for each patient because dialysis is expensive. The study used numbers from a big test (called the CREDENCE trial) to guess how much longer people could wait for dialysis and how much money could be saved.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied a medicine called atrasentan to see if it helps protect the kidneys of people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease. They looked at how much of the medicine was in the blood and if it was linked to good results for the kidneys and heart. They found that the right amount of atrasentan in the blood helped the kidneys a lot and didn't cause too much trouble for the heart. This means that taking atrasentan every day might be a good way to help people with diabetes keep their kidneys healthy.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if a special computer program could help African American and Black women get healthier before they have babies, which can make them and their future babies healthier. They tested a program called Gabby that talks to women about their health and gives advice for a whole year. They compared it to just giving women a letter about their health. They found that the women who talked to Gabby were better at taking care of their health risks after 6 months and even after 12 months. This means Gabby could help lots of women get healthier before they have babies, but the scientists say they need to do more research to be sure.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a type of medicine called estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is safe for women's heart health when they're going through a change in life called perimenopause. They checked if ERT affects the good cholesterol in their blood in ways that might predict heart problems. They studied 101 healthy women who were going through perimenopause. Some women got a pretend skin patch, while others got a real patch with estrogen. They checked their blood and heart health before and after 6 months. They found that the estrogen patch didn't change the amount of good cholesterol but did make some other good changes for the heart. It also helped the body use sugar better. This study helps us understand that the estrogen patch might be good for women's hearts when they're going through perimenopause.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see why kids copy actions they don't need to do, which is called overimitation. They found out that as kids get older, they copy these extra actions even more. They made a special puzzle and showed kids videos on how to solve it in different ways: a simple way, a way with extra unnecessary steps, and a way that copied someone else. They noticed that older kids were better at copying both the necessary and the unnecessary steps than younger kids. After watching a video with extra steps, even if kids knew a simpler way, they still copied the extra steps. This study helps us understand that not only do kids like to copy others, but as they grow up, they get even better at it, whether the actions are useful or not. This can teach us about how kids learn and think as they grow.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study called WalkIT Arizona to see if different types of goals and rewards would help people who don't move a lot to be more active. They used technology and special plans to see if they could get more people to walk as part of their daily life or for fun. They had 512 grown-ups, mostly women and white people, try this out for a year. They checked how much these people walked for getting places or just for fun at the start, in the middle, and at the end of the study. They found that everyone walked more by the end of the study. But the way people walked for fun changed more than the way they walked to get places. This shows that when we try to get people to walk more, we need to think about why they are walking. This can help us make better plans to get more people moving. The study was registered and anyone can look it up online to learn more.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called canagliflozin is good for people with type 2 diabetes who also have a kidney problem called diabetic kidney disease. They wanted to know if it helps people stay healthier and if it's worth the money for the health service in England. They used a special computer program to look at what happened to people who took the medicine in a big test called the CREDENCE trial. They found out that the medicine can help people live longer and better lives, and it can also save money because it keeps them from having heart and kidney problems. This is good news because it means the medicine can help people with diabetes and kidney disease without costing too much.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied a new birth control patch called TWIRLA that sticks to the skin and releases two hormones to prevent pregnancy. They had women from different places in the US, who were 18 years or older and could get pregnant, try the patch for a year. They wanted to see how well it worked, if it was safe, and if women felt okay using it. They found that the patch did a good job at preventing pregnancy for most women, but it wasn't as good for women who were heavier (with a BMI over 30). Some women felt sick to their stomach or had headaches, and a few stopped using it because they didn't feel well. Four heavier women had serious blood clot problems. In the end, the patch was approved for women who aren't too heavy, and it's a new option for birth control that you wear on your skin.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special kind of treatment with tiny electric shocks, called TENS, can help women with a condition called fibromyalgia feel less pain and tiredness. They had some women try this shock treatment, some get a pretend version, and some get no treatment for a month. They found that certain things, like how much pain a woman had all over her body or how well she slept, could predict if the shock treatment would help her feel better. They also learned that you need to treat between 3 to 5 women for one to feel better, and the treatment is pretty safe, with only a few women having small side effects. This means that using the shock treatment could be a good way to help women with fibromyalgia feel less pain and tiredness.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how kids with autism, especially girls, hide their symptoms in social situations, a behavior called "camouflaging". The researchers also studied "compensation", which is when a person's behavior looks better than their actual abilities. They studied 161 kids with autism, and found that girls were better at expressing themselves vocally. They also found that kids who were good at "compensating" were better at social communication and getting along with others. This study helps us understand how kids with autism interact with others, and could help doctors and therapists better support these kids.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn more about Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), a condition that makes people feel like they have to move their legs a lot. They wanted to see if metals in the blood and brain, like zinc and iron, were different in people with RLS compared to people without it. They also looked at certain genes that might be linked to RLS. They tested the blood and brain of two groups of people, some with RLS and some without. They found that people with RLS had more zinc in their blood and brains. They also noticed that a certain gene, called BTBD9, was more common in people with RLS. Even though they found more zinc in people with RLS, they don't think zinc is the main cause of the condition. They believe that how zinc and iron work together in the body and how they affect brain signals might be important. They say more research is needed to really understand how zinc is involved in RLS. This study helps us know more about what might cause RLS, which could lead to better ways to help people with the condition in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn more about how people with Tourette syndrome (TS) are extra sensitive to things they see, hear, or feel. This sensitivity can be really bothersome and happens to a lot of people with TS. They wanted to see if this sensitivity was also connected to other problems that sometimes happen with TS, like OCD (when people have to do certain things over and over) and ADHD (when it's hard to sit still or pay attention). They asked 34 adults with TS to answer questions and take tests to measure their sensitivity and other symptoms. They also had a group of people without TS take some tests to compare. They found that the adults with TS were a lot more sensitive to things around them than the people without TS. The more someone had OCD symptoms, the more sensitive they seemed to be. This study is important because it helps us understand that being super sensitive to things around you is a big part of TS, and it's especially linked to OCD symptoms. This could help doctors and others support people with TS better by knowing that treating OCD might also help with their sensitivity.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are trying to understand why boys and girls, or men and women, often think differently and have different chances of getting certain brain-related illnesses. They think this might be because of the different hormones that boys and girls have, or because of the different sex-chromosomes they carry (like XX for girls and XY for boys). This study looks at how genes on sex-chromosomes might affect the way the brain grows. The researchers looked at two things: first, they studied genes and molecules to find out which genes on sex-chromosomes could make boys' and girls' brains develop differently. Second, they used special brain scans to see how these genes might change the brain's structure. They found that genes on the X-chromosome might be really important in making the brains of boys and girls different. Understanding this could help us figure out why certain brain illnesses happen and could lead to better treatments for everyone.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if three different stop-smoking aids—varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patches—work well and are safe for people with a type of mental illness called schizophrenia. They compared 390 smokers with schizophrenia to 4,028 smokers without mental illness. Everyone was given one of the stop-smoking aids or a fake treatment for 12 weeks. They checked who could quit smoking during and after the treatment and if anyone had bad reactions, especially with their mood or thinking. They found that the smokers with schizophrenia smoked more and had a harder time quitting before the study. The varenicline worked best for helping them quit, just like it did for the other group. Bupropion and nicotine patches also helped, but not as much. None of the treatments made people have more bad reactions than the fake treatment. About 5% of the people with schizophrenia had some mood or thinking issues, but these didn't just happen because they stopped smoking. This study is important because it shows that varenicline can really help people with schizophrenia quit smoking without causing extra health problems. This could help lots of people with schizophrenia live healthier lives.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied how certain hormones in the liver affect blood sugar and fat in the liver in adults with a liver disease that's not caused by drinking alcohol. They looked at how the liver makes a growth factor (IGF-1) and proteins that bind to it. They found that when the liver has more fat and damage, it makes less IGF-1. Some binding proteins were found in higher amounts and some in lower amounts in sicker livers. They also tested a hormone that can release growth hormone to see what it does to these proteins in the blood. They found that this hormone changes the levels of these proteins. This study helps us understand how liver disease and blood sugar control are connected and could lead to new ways to treat liver disease.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see how well a certain type of insulin works for people with type 2 diabetes who still have high blood sugar even after treatment. They looked at the blood sugar levels of 173 people using a special monitor for 10 days. They found that these people's blood sugar was too high for most of the day but they didn't have too many times when it was dangerously low. This study is important because it shows that checking blood sugar often with a monitor might help people with diabetes do a better job of keeping their blood sugar at a safe level.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how well people with early-stage bipolar disorder that includes psychosis can remember relationships between things, like faces and scenes. They compared these patients to healthy people and those with a different type of psychosis. The patients were shown faces and scenes together, then later had to pick the right face for each scene. The results showed that people with bipolar disorder didn't do as well as healthy people, but did better than those with the other type of psychosis. This suggests that their ability to remember relationships is somewhere in the middle. This is important because it helps us understand more about how memory works in different mental illnesses.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a new pill for men, called DMAU, that could prevent pregnancy. They gave the pill to healthy men to see if it changes two things in their blood that can affect their bones. They found that while the pill lowers some hormones, it seems to make the body work on building bones. They didn't see any big changes in a sign that bones are breaking down. This is just a first step, and they need to do more research to make sure that this pill is safe for men's bones in the long run.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying how to help young people (18-25 years old) with type 1 diabetes take better care of themselves. They think that giving these young adults more control and responsibility in managing their diabetes might lead to better health. They are testing three different ways to do this: a list of questions to help them talk to their doctors, a special talk to motivate them, and text message reminders. They will check which methods work best by measuring the participants' blood sugar control and how well they follow their diabetes care routine. They hope that this research will help create better programs to help young adults with diabetes in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if being teased about weight affects kids' heart health and blood tests that show inflammation. They looked at two groups of kids: one group wasn't trying to lose weight, and the other group was. They checked the kids' weight, body fat, waist size, blood pressure, and took blood samples. The kids also answered questions about if they were teased for their weight. They compared kids who were teased with those who weren't, considering their age, gender, and body size. In the first group, some kids were teased, and in the second group, many kids were teased. But they found that teasing didn't seem to make kids' heart health or inflammation worse. They think more studies over time are needed to really understand how teasing about weight affects kids' health.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if kids with autism start puberty at a different time than kids without autism. They looked at 239 kids who were 10 to 13 years old. Some had autism (137 kids) and some did not (102 kids). They checked when these kids started to grow breasts or pubic hair. They found that girls with autism started puberty earlier than boys with autism and girls without autism. This is important because it can affect how kids with autism feel and act during a time when their bodies are changing a lot. It shows that we need to learn more about how kids with autism go through puberty.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how a substance called amyloid, which is linked to Alzheimer's disease, might affect depression in older people. The researchers used a special type of brain scan and gave 27 older people with depression either a real medicine or a placebo for 8 weeks. If the first treatment didn't work, they tried a different medicine for another 8 weeks. They found that the 5 people who had amyloid in their brains didn't get as much better from the depression medicine as the 22 people who didn't have amyloid. This suggests that doctors might need to try different treatments for older people with depression who also have amyloid in their brains.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors did a big study on a new birth control pill that doesn't have estrogen in it. This pill has something called drospirenone. They wanted to make sure it works well and is safe for the heart. Over 2500 women tried this new pill, and it worked really well to prevent pregnancy. They also checked to see if it caused any blood clot problems or changed the heart's health, and it didn't. Even women who usually have a higher chance of heart problems were safe taking it. This is good news because now women have another choice for birth control that's safe for their hearts.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: This study looked at how certain cells in the body, called monocytes, might affect fibromyalgia, a condition that causes pain all over the body. The researchers found that women with fibromyalgia had more of a certain chemical, IL-5, in their monocytes than women without pain. This chemical was linked to pain and other symptoms of fibromyalgia. They also found that more pain was linked to certain types of monocytes. When they tested IL-5 in animals, it seemed to help with pain and make monocytes less likely to cause inflammation. This suggests that targeting IL-5 might help control fibromyalgia symptoms.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a certain change in our DNA affects how well a diabetes medicine works. This medicine helps increase a special thing in our body that controls blood sugar. They gave people with type 2 diabetes a meal and some medicine, and then checked their blood sugar. They found that people with the DNA change had different blood sugar levels after eating, compared to those without the change. This tells us that our DNA might change how well diabetes medicine works for different people. It's important because it could help doctors choose the best medicine for each person with diabetes.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how our brain's wrinkles, or folds, are formed and if our genes play a role in it. The researchers used a tool called FreeSurfer to study the brain images of over 1,000 young adults. They found that genes do play a part in the formation of major folds in our brain, accounting for about half of the differences seen between individuals. However, genes didn't seem to affect the smaller folds as much. The study also found that the shape and thickness of these folds are mostly influenced by non-genetic factors. This research helps us better understand how our brain develops and the role our genes play in it.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if people with depression have brains that seem older than they really are, and if this affects how they think and do everyday things. They used special computer programs to look at brain scans from two groups of adults, one middle-aged and one older, to guess the age of their brains. They also tested how well these adults could remember things and handle daily activities. They found that in the older group, people with depression had brains that looked older than those without depression. This made it harder for them to remember things and think quickly. In the middle-aged group, depression didn't make their brains look older, and it didn't change how well they could think. But for older people with more signs of depression, it was tougher to plan and remember. Also, those with older-looking brains had more trouble with daily activities. This study shows that depression in older adults might make their brains age faster, which can make life more difficult.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study called CREDENCE to see if a medicine called canagliflozin helps people with diabetes who also have kidney problems. They found out that this medicine can lower the risk of heart problems and make the kidneys healthier. Then, they made a special computer program called CREDEM-DKD to guess what might happen to these patients in the future, like if they would need dialysis (a kidney treatment), have heart issues, or other health problems. They used information from the CREDENCE study to make the computer program. They checked to make sure the program worked well by comparing its guesses to what really happened in the study and another study called CANVAS. The program did a good job of guessing kidney problems but wasn't as good at guessing heart problems or when someone might die. This computer program is a helpful tool for doctors to understand and explain what might happen to patients with diabetes and kidney problems in the long run. It can also help figure out if treatments are worth the cost.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how a special oil, rich in something called linoleic acid (LA), might help women who are going through menopause and have a condition called metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS can make it harder for your body to use sugar and fat properly. The researchers asked 18 women to add this LA-rich oil to their regular diets. They found that this oil increased the amount of a helpful substance in the body called adiponectin, which can help control sugar levels. The oil also changed other substances in the body that might affect inflammation and metabolism. More research is needed to understand these changes better.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special sign of swelling in the body, called GlycA, can tell us more about unhealthy changes in fat tissue than another sign called hsCRP. They tested 58 adults who were overweight but didn't have diabetes. They checked how their bodies used sugar and fat, and measured their body fat with a special X-ray. They found that GlycA is linked to how much fat the body breaks down and is a better sign of problems in fat tissue than hsCRP. This is important because it could help doctors understand and treat problems caused by being overweight better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are trying to fix a problem with certain brain scans called diffusion MRI images. These images can sometimes get squished or stretched in the wrong way, which makes it hard to match them up with other types of brain scans. Usually, to fix this, they need extra scans that show how the images got messed up, but not all hospitals do these extra scans. In this study, the scientists made a special computer program that can guess how to fix the squished images without needing the extra scans. They used something called deep learning, which is like teaching a computer to think like a human brain, to make the program. They tested it and found that it works really well, even on brain scans from different hospitals or different types of people. This is great because it means doctors can get a better look at the brain without needing extra scans, which can save time and money. The scientists shared their computer program online so other people can use it to help fix their brain scans too.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to learn about how young kids remember things they see. They used a game called "Spin the Pots" where kids had to remember where hidden stickers were. They had 640 kids, ages 2 to 4, play this game at home or in a museum. They used math to guess how many tries it should take to find all the stickers by chance. They found that kids were actually better at finding the stickers than just guessing. Older kids and girls were especially good at this. Some kids used colors to help them remember where they put the stickers, and this strategy worked really well. This study helps us understand how kids start to get better at remembering things they see as they grow up.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if stress affects heart health in women who are almost at menopause. They tested 151 women by making them feel stressed and then checking their blood for something called IL-6, which can show if the body is stressed. They kept an eye on these women for a year, some getting hormone treatment and others not, to see if their heart and blood sugar health changed. They found that women with more IL-6 after stress were more likely to have worse heart blood flow. Women with higher IL-6 from the start were more likely to have problems with blood sugar and other heart risks. Hormone treatment didn't change these results. This means that IL-6 could help predict heart and blood sugar health in women getting close to menopause.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are curious about why boys and girls, or men and women, might think or act differently. They think some of these differences could be because of the way certain parts of the brain are built. While we know a lot about these differences in mice, we're not sure if what we learn from mice also applies to people. In this study, researchers looked at brain scans from over 2,000 people. They found that certain areas of the brain are bigger in women and others are bigger in men, and these areas are pretty much the same in everyone. They also noticed that the parts of the brain that are different between men and women are the same parts that help us recognize faces. Lastly, they discovered that these differences are linked to certain genes that are only found on the sex chromosomes (the ones that make you male or female). This study helps us understand that some of the brain differences between men and women are similar to those in mice, and it gives us clues about why these differences might happen.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if squeezing the belly could help people with a condition that makes their heart beat too fast when they stand up. They tested 18 people with this condition by either squeezing their belly with a special belt or giving them a medicine called propranolol. They checked their heart rate and blood pressure while sitting and standing, before and after the treatment. They found that the medicine slowed down the heart rate and lowered blood pressure when standing, but squeezing the belly didn't change the heart rate. It did, however, keep the blood pressure from dropping too much. When they tried both the belt and the medicine together, people didn't feel as bad as with just the medicine alone. The study showed that while squeezing the belly alone didn't help with the fast heart rate or make people feel better, it did help when used with the medicine. This could be a new way to help people with this heart condition feel better.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special program could help people with anxiety or depression feel more connected to others. This program, called Amplification of Positivity (AMP), had 10 sessions focused on helping people feel more positive. They compared people who did the AMP program right away with people who had to wait for it. They found that the people who did the AMP program felt more connected to others, and this feeling lasted for at least 6 months. The study showed that feeling more positive and less negative helped people feel closer to others. This means that doing activities that make you feel good might help you make friends and feel less alone if you're feeling anxious or sad.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.

Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if changing how hard words are to say could help find speech problems in people with a disease called Parkinson's. They had 15 people with Parkinson's and 15 healthy people say words that were easy, medium, or hard to pronounce. They used special equipment to measure how their mouths and tongues moved. They found that people with Parkinson's didn't move their mouths and tongues as much or as fast, especially with the hard words. This study shows that using words with different levels of difficulty can help us notice when someone's speech is getting worse because of Parkinson's. This could help doctors check on people's speech and help them better.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out if learning patterns of behavior by watching others is something special to humans. They did an experiment with young kids and orangutans, where they had to learn patterns either by trying themselves or by watching someone else do it first. They found that both kids and orangutans could learn by trying, but only the older kids could learn by watching. This shows that orangutans can learn patterns, but not as well by watching others. This study helps us understand how humans are different from other animals when it comes to learning new things like using tools, speaking, and following traditions.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists want to make a vaccine to help the body fight HIV, a virus that can make people very sick. They're trying to figure out if a certain part of the vaccine can make special cells in our bones create strong defenders called antibodies that stay in the body for a long time. They tested a vaccine on some people and found that it did make these defender cells, especially after a few extra doses. These cells could stick around in the bones for more than 8 months. This is good news because it means the vaccine might help the body keep up its defenses against HIV for a long time.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if there's a connection between long-lasting pain and a mental health condition called borderline personality disorder (BPD). They asked 181 adults who have had pain for a long time to answer questions about how bad their pain is, where it hurts, and bad things that happened to them as kids and grown-ups. They also checked if they might have BPD. They found that people with signs of BPD had more pain and were more sensitive to pain because of their feelings. These people also had more bad things happen to them when they were kids and adults. The study suggests that doctors should check for BPD in people with long-lasting pain to help them better understand and treat these problems.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if doing aerobic exercise (like running or biking) helps people with long-lasting lower back pain feel better. They had some people with this kind of back pain do exercise for 6 weeks and others just do their normal stuff. They tested how much pain people felt before and after the study by giving them a fake medicine or a real medicine that blocks the body's natural painkillers. They found that the people who exercised felt less pain and could do more things than before. The exercise seemed to help the body's natural painkillers work better, especially in women. The more intensely people exercised, the better their body's painkillers seemed to work. This means that regular aerobic exercise might be a good way for people with lower back pain to feel better without needing other treatments.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to know if older people in the hospital and their families would like to learn about how being weak or frail might affect their health in the future. They showed 25 older patients and 15 family members pictures that explained the chances of getting better or worse after an injury. They asked them questions and recorded their answers. Most of the older patients and their families were okay with learning this information, but a few families were a bit worried about how direct the information was. They talked about how they felt and what they thought about getting older and possibly getting sicker. The study found that both patients and their families wanted doctors to be honest but also give them hope. Sharing this kind of information can help families and doctors make good choices together, especially when it comes to planning for the future and possibly the end of life.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if taking magnesium could help prevent heart and blood sugar diseases. They gave 52 people either magnesium pills or fake pills without telling them which one they were getting. They checked the levels of 91 different proteins in the blood before and after 10 weeks to see if there were any changes. Most of the people in the study were women and white, and they were around 62 years old. They didn't find any big differences in the protein levels between the two groups. Even though they didn't find clear results, the study showed that looking at proteins can be a good way to understand how magnesium might help our health. The study was officially recorded at ClinicalTrials.gov with the number NCT02837328.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how quickly HIV comes back in people after they stop taking their modern HIV medicines. They looked at 22 people who stopped their treatment to learn about this. They found that even with newer medicines, the virus comes back just as fast as it did with older ones. This means that just taking medicine might not be enough to keep HIV away forever, and other treatments that help the immune system might be needed. This information is important for doctors and patients to understand how HIV treatments work.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a special treatment called Lactin-V can help stop a common infection called bacterial vaginosis from coming back in women. This infection happens a lot and can return even after taking antibiotics. They had 228 women who just finished antibiotics try either Lactin-V or a fake treatment (placebo) without knowing which one they got. They checked on the women for 24 weeks. They found that fewer women got the infection again when they used Lactin-V compared to the fake treatment. Also, the treatment didn't cause more side effects. This means Lactin-V might be a good way to keep the infection from returning.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a new brain scan tool called [C]PS13 can measure a special protein in the brains of healthy people. This protein, called COX-1, is important because it can tell us about brain health and inflammation. They tested 10 people by scanning their brains twice and taking blood samples. They used different methods to see which one worked best for the scans. They found that the new tool worked really well—it was reliable and could be used for shorter scans too. The amount of COX-1 the scans showed matched up with other scientific data. This means the tool could be good for studying brain diseases in more people in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if being overweight and certain genes affect how well a pneumonia vaccine works. They gave the vaccine to people who were not overweight and people who were overweight. They checked their blood before and after the vaccine to see how many fighting cells (antibodies) were made. They also looked at their genes. They found that overweight people and people with a certain normal gene had a better response to the vaccine. This means that being overweight might actually help the vaccine work better in some people. This is important for doctors to know when they give vaccines to different kinds of people.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called canagliflozin helps people with type 2 diabetes who also have kidney problems. They gave the medicine to some people and a pretend pill (placebo) to others. They checked to see if the medicine helped with kidney and heart health. They found that canagliflozin was good for both, no matter how well the person's kidneys were working at the start. People with worse kidney problems saw the biggest health improvements. The medicine didn't cause serious side effects, like more broken bones or the need for amputations. When people first took the medicine, their kidney numbers went down a little but then got stable, which is better than getting worse over time. This study shows that canagliflozin is safe and can help people with type 2 diabetes protect their kidneys and hearts.

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Abstract Summary: The MECA Study is a project that looks at why some black people in Atlanta, Georgia, stay healthy even when they live in areas with a lot of heart disease. Researchers identified neighborhoods with high and low rates of heart disease. They surveyed over 1400 people about their health and lifestyle, and did medical tests on about 500 of them. They also used a special measure called Life Simple 7 to see how healthy people's habits were. Finally, they gave 150 people with low Life Simple 7 scores a health coach or a health app to see if it helped them get healthier. The goal is to understand what helps people stay healthy even when they have risk factors for heart disease.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists created a computer program called PERSPeCT to help people quit smoking. It sends messages to encourage people to stop smoking, and it learns from people's responses to make the messages better. They tested PERSPeCT with African American and white smokers, sending them emails for 65 days. The smokers then rated how much the messages helped them want to quit. The results showed that African American smokers found the messages more helpful and were more likely to quit smoking. This means PERSPeCT could be a good tool to help different groups of people quit smoking, especially those who might find it harder to quit.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists have been studying certain health conditions that people are born with, like Down syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome, for a long time. These conditions are special because they have a set of signs that make them easy to recognize. For example, people with Down syndrome might have certain facial features, weak muscles, heart problems, and learn things more slowly. Not everyone with Down syndrome has all these signs, but seeing several of them together usually means the person has the condition. The study is trying to figure out if we can use the same ideas to understand how people with these conditions think and behave. This is important because it can help us know more about these conditions and how to support people who have them.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if something called inflammation might be causing high blood pressure in people who have HIV, even when their HIV is under control with medicine. They checked 70 people with HIV and found that those with high blood pressure had more signs of inflammation in their blood. One specific type of blood cell, called eosinophils, was linked to high blood pressure. They looked at two other groups of people without HIV and found that eosinophils were also linked to high blood pressure, but this link wasn't as strong if the person was overweight. This study is important because it might help doctors understand how to better take care of people with HIV and prevent heart problems.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists have been arguing about whether to tell people the specific results from studies that look at their genes. In the past, experts said no because they weren't sure how accurate these tests were or if they could really help with health care. But now, many experts think it's a good idea to share these results with the people who were studied because it respects them and can help with research. However, there are still some big questions about the best way to do this and what it means for doctors who have to explain these results to patients. The article talks about these issues, especially with a gene called apolipoprotein L1, which is linked to kidney disease and affects some groups of people more than others. This example shows that giving people their genetic test results can be complicated.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how a medicine called PedPRM helps kids with autism who have trouble sleeping. They gave 80 kids with autism this medicine every night for about two years, and then stopped for two weeks to see what would happen. The results showed that the kids slept better and their parents were happier with their sleep. Even when they stopped the medicine, the kids still slept better than before. The medicine was safe and didn't affect the kids' growth or when they started puberty. This means that PedPRM could be a good long-term solution for kids with autism who have trouble sleeping.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand why different tests for sugar levels in the blood give different results when checking for diabetes or prediabetes. They looked at how a person's body adds sugar to their blood cells, which can make test results vary. They used information from a big study about vitamin D and diabetes to figure this out. They found that women and Black people often had higher sugar levels on one of the tests. The study suggests that using only this test could make it seem like more women and Black people have prediabetes than if other tests were used. This is important because it helps doctors choose the best test to use for different people.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called mirabegron, which is usually used for bladder problems, could also help with obesity-related health issues. They gave 14 healthy women this medicine for 4 weeks and watched how it affected their body's fat and sugar processing. They found that the medicine made a special kind of fat in the body work harder, which helps burn calories. The women's bodies also got better at handling sugar and they had more good fats in their blood. This is important because it means this medicine might help people who have problems with obesity and diabetes. The study was registered and funded by some big research groups.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a part of the brain called the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, or BNST for short. This part is important because it seems to be involved in mental health issues like anxiety, PTSD, and problems with alcohol and drugs. They know that the BNST works with other parts of the brain, but they're not sure exactly how in humans. Before, they only saw how it connects with a part called the insula in animals like mice, not people. In this study, the researchers used a special brain scanning method to look at the connections between the BNST and the insula in humans. They divided the insula into different areas to see where the connections were strongest. They found that the BNST does connect to the insula, especially to a part at the front called the anteroventral insula. They also noticed that these connections were different depending on which side of the brain they looked at and whether the person was male or female. This discovery is important because it helps us understand how the brain works in both animals and humans. It can also help us figure out how to better treat mental health problems in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are studying a new way to help young adults with type 1 diabetes who are scared of their blood sugar dropping too low, which can be dangerous. This fear can make it harder for them to take care of their diabetes. The researchers are testing a special program that uses something called cognitive behavioral therapy to see if it can make these young people less afraid and help them manage their diabetes better. They will compare two groups of people: one that gets the new therapy and one that learns about diabetes management in a different way. They will check to see if the new therapy helps by looking at how well the participants control their blood sugar and how they feel about their diabetes. This study could lead to better ways to help people with diabetes live healthier and happier lives.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors are studying how to help people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have chronic pain without using medicine. They are looking at two special kinds of therapy: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). They want to see which one works better or if they're both helpful. To do this, they're having adults with MS and chronic pain join group sessions online. They will check on the patients' pain, mood, tiredness, and sleep before, during, after, and six months after the therapy. They think that these therapies might help reduce pain better than the usual care and that certain things like how mindful someone is could make a difference in how well the therapy works. This study could help doctors figure out the best way to match patients with the right kind of therapy to manage their pain.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists are trying to understand brain diseases by looking at brain scans in a new way. Usually, they look at each tiny part of the brain scan (called a voxel) one by one, or they try to find damaged areas. But some brain diseases don't just affect one spot; they change the brain in ways that are hard to spot. The scientists made a new method called multi-modal density testing (MMDT) to find these hard-to-see changes. They use this method to compare different brain scans and find the differences that might be caused by a disease. They tested their method to make sure it works well and doesn't make mistakes. Then they used it to study people with a brain disease called multiple sclerosis (MS) and people with other conditions that look like MS on scans. They found that their method could tell the difference between the two groups by looking at a part of the brain called the thalamus. This new way of looking at brain scans could help doctors understand and diagnose brain diseases better.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to help people who have both migraines and depression because these problems can make each other worse and make life really hard. They tested two different one-day classes to see which one was better at making people feel happier and have fewer headaches. One class taught a special way to handle feelings and thoughts, plus gave information about migraines (ACT-ED). The other class was just a support group with migraine information (S-ED). They had 136 people join the study and choose one of the classes. After the classes, they checked on the people after 3 months and then again after 6 months. They found that the people who took the ACT-ED class felt less sad, less worried, had fewer problems from headaches, and got along better with others compared to the people who took the S-ED class. The study showed that just one day of the ACT-ED class could really help people with migraines and depression for a long time. This could be a good choice instead of going to therapy every week.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors found that a special medicine helps women with a certain kind of breast cancer stay healthy and out of the hospital. But sometimes, the medicine can make them feel bad, and they stop taking it. The study is about a new app that helps these women tell their doctors about any bad feelings from the medicine. They are checking if the app helps women keep taking their medicine. They have 300 women in the study, and they are split into three groups. One group uses the app, another group gets messages from the app, and the last group doesn't use the app. They are looking at women of different races to see if the app helps everyone the same. They will use pill bottles that record when the medicine is taken, ask the women questions, and look at their health records to see if the app works. If the app helps, it could be used for more people and different health problems. This could make healthcare better and less expensive.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if medicines that help people stop smoking also work well for adults who have anxiety problems. They looked at 712 smokers with different anxiety disorders and 4,028 smokers without mental health issues. The smokers got either a pretend pill (placebo) or one of three real stop-smoking medicines, plus they talked to a counselor every week for 12 weeks. They checked who stopped smoking and who had bad reactions to the medicines. They found that people with anxiety disorders had more bad reactions than those without mental health issues, no matter which medicine they took. However, one medicine called varenicline helped people with two types of anxiety disorders stop smoking better than the pretend pill. Another treatment, nicotine replacement, also helped people with one type of anxiety disorder quit smoking. This study is important because it shows that some stop-smoking medicines can really help people with certain anxiety disorders to quit smoking, even though they might have a harder time with side effects.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a special skin patch with hormones could help the hearts of women who are almost or just starting menopause. They gave some women a patch with hormones and others a patch without hormones for a year. They checked how well their blood vessels worked, how their bodies handled stress, and if they had signs of heart problems. They found that the women with the hormone patch had better blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and their bodies were better at managing stress and keeping their blood vessels healthy as they got older. This means the hormone patch might help keep women's hearts healthy during this time in their lives.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how having different numbers of sex chromosomes (like X and Y) can affect the brain and possibly lead to mental health issues. They looked at brain scans from 301 people, some with the usual number of sex chromosomes and some with extra. They found that having more sex chromosomes can make certain parts of the brain's outer layer thicker or thinner. These changes were in areas that help with social skills, talking, and understanding things. They also noticed that parts of the brain that were changed in similar ways by extra sex chromosomes worked more closely together. This research helps us understand how the number of sex chromosomes a person has can change their brain and might be used to figure out why some people have certain mental health problems.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if a drug called colchicine could help prevent heart disease by reducing harmful substances in the blood. They tested this on 40 adults with a condition called metabolic syndrome. The adults were given either colchicine or a placebo (a pill with no medicine) twice a day for 3 months. The results showed that while colchicine did reduce inflammation (which can cause heart disease), it didn't lower the levels of harmful substances in the blood. In fact, some harmful substances seemed to increase. More research is needed to understand why this happened and what it means for using colchicine to prevent heart disease.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a special kind of pain relief that uses gentle electric shocks, called TENS, could help women with fibromyalgia feel less pain and tiredness when they move. Fibromyalgia is a condition that makes your muscles hurt and makes you feel very tired. They asked 301 women to try one of three things: real TENS, pretend TENS, or no TENS at all, while they did their normal activities at home for four weeks. The women who used the real TENS said they felt a lot better—they had less pain and felt less tired when they moved. The pretend TENS and no TENS didn't help as much. The study showed that using TENS could be a good way for women with fibromyalgia to feel better without any serious side effects. The doctors think more studies should be done to see if TENS can help people in everyday life.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see how babies who are 1 year old think about moving around and finding things that are hidden. They played a game where they hid a toy in a small piece of furniture on top of a cabinet, which was too high for the babies to reach. They found that the babies were more likely to look for the toy and try to get to it if there were stairs they could use. But when there were no stairs, the babies didn't try as much. The stairs didn't make the babies more interested or better at finding the toy in other ways. This study tells us that babies are smarter about finding things that are hidden if they can see a way to get there. This is important because it helps us understand how babies learn about the world and how they use what they see to think about things that aren't right in front of them.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to help women with advanced breast cancer make tough choices about their care, especially as they near the end of their lives. These decisions are really hard and can make people feel upset. The doctors created a special online program to see if it could help these women and their families talk about and decide on their medical care. They had some women use the program and others wait to use it. They found out that more than half of the women who used the program were able to make important health care choices and write them down, which is a big step. Most of them felt the program really helped them decide what was best for them, and they would tell others to use it too. However, the program didn't seem to make it easier for them to make decisions compared to those who didn't use it yet. This study shows that online help can be a good way for people to get support when they can't meet in person.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand a problem in the brains of people with a condition called schizophrenia. In schizophrenia, a part of the brain called the anterior hippocampus can be too active and doesn't work right when people try to do tasks. The researchers wanted to see if the extra activity was causing the problems with doing tasks. They looked at brain scans from 45 people with early signs of psychosis (which can lead to schizophrenia) and 35 people without psychosis while they did a memory task with pictures. They also measured how much blood was in the anterior hippocampus, which shows how active it is. They found that in people with early psychosis, the anterior hippocampus was too active and didn't respond well when they were doing the memory task. This study helps us understand that the anterior hippocampus is not working properly in early psychosis, and it could be a place to focus on for new treatments to help with thinking problems in people with this condition.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a medicine called tesamorelin could help people with HIV who also have a liver problem where there's too much fat in the liver, but it's not because of drinking alcohol. They tested the medicine by giving some people tesamorelin and others a fake medicine without them knowing which one they got. They checked the fat in their livers at the start and after 12 months. The people who got tesamorelin had a lot less liver fat after 12 months. The medicine didn't cause big problems with their blood sugar. The doctors think tesamorelin could be good for people with HIV and this liver problem, but they need to do more research to be sure.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand how people pay attention to things that scare them. They looked at how the brain reacts when people see something threatening, by studying brain waves called event-related potentials (ERPs). They found that both people who are usually calm and those who get anxious easily pay more attention to scary things quickly. But, people who are usually calm are better at thinking about these scary things later on and then letting them go. This research helps us know more about why some people get really anxious and how we might help them by teaching them ways to pay less attention to scary things.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors have been looking into a special treatment for people with very serious depression that doesn't get better with regular treatments. This treatment is called deep brain stimulation, where they use a device to send tiny electric signals to a part of the brain called the subcallosal cingulate. They checked on 28 people who got this treatment for 4 to 8 years. They found that more than half of the people felt a lot better and stayed that way for a long time. The treatment was safe, and the people didn't have bad reactions to it. This is good news because it means that this treatment could really help people with tough-to-treat depression.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called brexpiprazole could help adults with major depression without causing too much weight gain or changing important body health numbers like cholesterol and sugar levels. They looked at information from five different studies. Some people got the medicine along with their usual depression medicine, while others got a pretend pill. They found that after 6 weeks and even after a year, the changes in health numbers were very small. People did gain a little weight, about 3.5 pounds over a year, but it wasn't a lot. This research helps doctors know that brexpiprazole can be used without making people's health numbers get much worse.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a new mix of shots could help prevent HIV, the virus that can lead to AIDS. They had 104 people who don't have HIV try four different shot plans. Some got a DNA shot first, others got a protein shot first, and some got both at the same time. They checked to see if the shots were safe and if they helped the body fight HIV. They found that all the shot plans were safe. The ones where people got both shots together worked the best at helping the body quickly make strong fighters against HIV that lasted a long time. This study is important because it might help us make better shots to prevent HIV in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a medicine called sitagliptin could help women with a health problem called PCOS. PCOS can make it hard for women to use sugar in their bodies right and can cause too much fat around the stomach. It can also make their blood vessels not work well. The medicine might help their bodies make more growth hormone, which is good for their health. Eighteen women with PCOS took part in the study. They took either sitagliptin or a fake pill for one month, took a break, and then switched. The doctors checked their sugar levels, blood vessels, and body fat. They found that sitagliptin helped the women use sugar better and reduced the fat around their stomachs. It didn't make their blood vessels work better, but it did make the growth hormone stay in their bodies longer. This could be good news for women with PCOS because it might help them be healthier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if pain relief from a medicine called duloxetine was the same for Asian and Caucasian people with long-lasting pain from a joint problem called osteoarthritis. They looked at how much the patients' pain changed and how the patients felt about their improvement. They used a special pain score and compared it to what the patients said about feeling better. They studied over 1,500 people and found that both Asian and Caucasian patients needed about the same amount of pain change to feel that the medicine was helping. This means that doctors can use the same pain score changes to decide if the medicine is working for people with osteoarthritis pain, no matter if they are Asian or Caucasian.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how well special clinics in the US are doing at treating a condition called familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), which is when you have really high cholesterol that runs in your family. They studied 1900 people, mostly women and white, who were about 56 years old on average. They found that while the clinics were able to lower patients' bad cholesterol levels, over half of the patients still had levels that were too high. Also, patients who already had heart disease when they started treatment were more likely to have serious heart problems later. This suggests that we need to start treating FH earlier and more aggressively to prevent heart disease.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to understand why people with a mental health condition called schizophrenia might have trouble learning and remembering things. They looked at a specific part of the brain called the hippocampus, which is important for memory. They compared 62 people with early signs of psychosis, a condition related to schizophrenia, to 70 people without this condition. They used a special brain scan called an MRI to see how the hippocampus reacted to seeing the same pictures over and over again. They also tested how well people could remember relationships between different things they saw. The study found that people with early psychosis didn't remember relationships as well and their hippocampus didn't get used to the pictures as quickly as the healthy people. For the healthy people, the faster their hippocampus got used to the pictures, the better they were at remembering relationships. But this wasn't true for the people with early psychosis. The researchers think that if they can find ways to help the hippocampus get used to things better, it might help people with psychosis improve their memory. This could lead to new ways to help them early on in their treatment.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if Body Mass Index (BMI) is a good way to tell if young people with Down syndrome (DS) might have heart or sugar problems, since they often have different body shapes and can be overweight. They looked at 150 young people with DS and 103 without, who were all similar in age, gender, and BMI. They checked their body fat, sugar levels, and other health signs. They found that kids with DS were more likely to have higher bad cholesterol and sugar problems, even though their bodies resisted insulin the same way as kids without DS. Kids with DS also had more fat around their belly, but this didn't fully explain why they had more health issues. So, even if kids with DS and without DS have the same BMI, those with DS might still have a higher chance of getting heart and sugar problems.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how location can affect the results of health studies, using a malaria prevention trial as an example. The researchers created different scenarios to see how things like age, gender, and prevention treatment might change the results. They also looked at how the number of breeding sites for mosquitoes and the effect of these sites could change the results. They found that when location is important but not measured, it can make the results less accurate. This means that health studies should take location into account to get the best results. This could help make prevention treatments more effective.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if a medicine called canagliflozin helps people with type 2 diabetes and kidney problems. They wanted to know if it could prevent heart problems and make their kidneys work better. They had 4401 people take either canagliflozin or a fake pill (placebo) and checked to see how they did. They found that canagliflozin helped everyone by lowering the chance of having heart issues and kidney failure. This was true even for people who hadn't had heart problems before. This is good news because it means this medicine can help lots of people with diabetes and kidney disease stay healthier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if teenagers with Down syndrome have different levels of stiffness in their big body artery compared to other kids. They checked this by measuring the speed of blood pulse waves in 129 teenagers with Down syndrome and 97 other kids who were similar in age, gender, race, and body size. They found that both groups had similar pulse wave speeds and blood pressure. However, when they looked closer, they noticed that in kids with Down syndrome, body size was the only thing linked to pulse wave speed, not age, race, or blood pressure like in other kids. Also, when they adjusted the pulse wave speed for height, it seemed like kids with Down syndrome had stiffer arteries than they actually did. This study is important because it shows that doctors might need to check heart health differently in kids with Down syndrome.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if certain medicines help people with bipolar disorder (BD) stop smoking without causing bad side effects. They looked at 285 smokers with BD and 2,794 smokers without mental health issues. The smokers got either a pretend pill (placebo) or one of three real stop-smoking medicines for 12 weeks, and they also got counseling. They checked who had serious mood or behavior problems and who stopped smoking for good. They found that smokers with BD had a slightly higher chance of mood or behavior problems with the real medicines compared to the pretend pill, but it wasn't a big difference. Also, the medicine called varenicline seemed to work as well for smokers with BD as it did for others in past studies. The other two medicines didn't seem to work as well. Overall, people with BD had more trouble quitting smoking and had more mood or behavior problems than people without BD. The study suggests that varenicline might be a good choice to help people with BD quit smoking, but more research is needed to be sure.

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Abstract Summary: This study used brain scans to understand how people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder remember things. They found that these people have trouble using parts of their brain that help with remembering and focusing. This was true for both groups, but people with schizophrenia had more trouble than those with bipolar disorder. This could be why they struggle with tasks that need memory. The study suggests that helping these parts of the brain work better could improve memory and other brain functions in people with these conditions.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to see if taking vitamin D could help stop people from getting type 2 diabetes. They gave some adults who were almost diabetic but not quite there yet either vitamin D pills or fake pills (placebo) every day. They didn't pick people based on their vitamin D levels to start with. They watched these adults for about 2.5 years to see who would get diabetes. They found that the people who took vitamin D had a little bit less chance of getting diabetes compared to those who took the fake pills, but the difference wasn't big enough to be sure it was because of the vitamin D. Also, the vitamin D didn't cause any bad side effects. In the end, they learned that giving a lot of vitamin D to people who are at risk of diabetes but don't have low vitamin D doesn't really help to prevent diabetes.

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Abstract Summary: This study looked at how eating different types of meat affects our heart health. They had healthy adults eat diets high in red meat, white meat, or non-meat proteins for four weeks each. They found that both red and white meat raised levels of certain fats in the blood that can lead to heart disease, more than non-meat proteins did. This was true no matter how much saturated fat was in the diet. This means that eating more plant-based foods might be better for our hearts, and that white meat isn't necessarily better than red meat for heart health.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if being cold can help people burn more calories, which might help with weight loss. They had 21 men, some lean and some with obesity, stay in a special room where they could change the temperature and measure how many calories the men burned. They also checked their brown fat, which helps burn calories when it's cold. They found that skinny men could burn more calories in the cold than men with obesity. The study suggests that being cold might not help men with obesity as much as it does for lean men to burn extra calories. This information could help find new ways to help people with obesity.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to help moms who might get really sad after having a baby, a problem called postpartum depression (PPD). They know that talking to someone online can help people feel better, but sometimes moms don't stick with it unless they have friends in the group. So, they made a special online program that teaches moms ways to feel happier (called cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT) and lets them chat with other moms. They asked pregnant women who were feeling a little sad but didn't have serious depression to try the program. Some moms used the program with the group, and some did it alone. They checked on the moms while they were pregnant, then again after they had their babies. In the end, almost all the moms felt better and didn't get PPD. They also kept using the program whether they were in the group or alone. This means the online program could be a good way to help moms avoid getting really sad after having a baby, and having friends in the program might make them more likely to keep using it.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors wanted to see if a special kind of brain treatment could help people with OCD, a condition where people have unwanted thoughts and do the same things over and over. They used a machine to send magnetic signals to certain parts of the brain in 99 people with OCD. Some people got the real treatment, and others got a pretend one to compare. They did this every day for 6 weeks and checked how much better the people felt using a special score. They found out that the people who got the real brain signals felt a lot better than those who got the pretend one. Even a month after the treatment, the people who got the real signals still felt better. This study shows that this brain treatment might be a good way to help people with OCD, especially if other treatments haven't worked for them.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if older people who are physically weaker (frail) might also have trouble with their memory and thinking (cognitive decline). They looked at 306 older adults, some with normal thinking and some with mild memory problems. They checked how frail the people were, asked them about their everyday thinking skills, and gave them a thinking test. They found that in women, being more frail was linked to having worse scores on the thinking test and feeling like they had more trouble with planning and organizing in daily life. Faster walking was linked to better memory and thinking skills. In men, they didn't find a clear link between being frail and having thinking problems. This study suggests that for women, being physically weaker might be connected to early signs of memory and thinking issues, even before these problems are obvious. This is important because it might help us find ways to spot and maybe even help with thinking problems earlier.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to see if special slow-release melatonin tablets could help kids and teens with Autism or Smith-Magenis syndrome sleep better. They gave these tablets to some kids and fake tablets to others for 13 weeks. They found that the real melatonin tablets helped the kids fall asleep faster and sleep longer. These tablets also made the kids act out less, which made life better for their families. The study showed that these melatonin tablets are safe and can really help kids with sleeping problems and their parents.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did a study to test a new vaccine called HSV529 for a virus that causes sores called genital herpes, which affects more than 400 million people around the world. They had 60 people join the study and gave them either the vaccine or a pretend shot (placebo) three times over six months. They wanted to see if people had any reactions to the shot and if their bodies started to fight the virus better. Most people who got the real vaccine had some pain or discomfort where they got the shot, but it wasn't too bad. Some people also felt a little sick, but it was similar to those who got the pretend shot. The vaccine worked best in people who never had any kind of herpes virus before; their bodies made more defenses against the virus. The vaccine seemed safe and helped the body start to fight the virus, especially in people who didn't have herpes before. This is good news because it might help protect people from getting genital herpes in the future.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists studied the brains of people with autism to understand why they are so different from one another. They looked at brain scans from lots of people, including 491 with autism, and paid special attention to how being a boy or girl, age, and intelligence might make a difference. They found that some parts of the brain were thicker in people with autism, especially in certain areas and in boys, younger people, and those who weren't as good at certain thinking tasks. This research helps us know more about autism and might lead to ways to tell what kind of help each person with autism needs by looking at their brain.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists did an experiment to see if a special kind of good cholesterol and its main protein can protect kidney cells. They tested this in the lab with mouse cells and in real mice. They found that the good cholesterol and its protein helped the cells stay alive, move around, and not get damaged. They also tried a medicine that acts like the protein and saw that it helped the mice have healthier kidneys and less heart disease. This study shows that this medicine might help people with kidney problems and prevent heart disease.

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Abstract Summary: Scientists wanted to find out if using electronic health records (like the health information your doctor keeps on a computer) could help them get more people to join studies about prediabetes and diabetes. They looked at a big study about vitamin D and type 2 diabetes to see how well this method worked compared to the usual way of asking people to join studies. They found that when they used electronic health records, they could get more people to be part of the study. Out of 2423 people who joined the study, 1920 were found through electronic records. These people were usually older, and there were fewer women and people from different racial backgrounds compared to those who joined the study without electronic records. The study showed that using electronic health records can be a good way to get more people to join health studies, and it works in many different places where people get healthcare. This is important because it can help doctors and scientists learn more about health problems like diabetes and find better ways to treat them.

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Abstract Summary: Doctors did a big study to see if a medicine called atrasentan helps people with type 2 diabetes who also have kidney problems. They tested adults from many countries who had diabetes and signs of kidney damage. The patients took a small dose of atrasentan every day. If the medicine helped them and didn't cause too much water to build up in their bodies, they kept taking it or got a fake pill without knowing which one they got. They checked to see if the medicine stopped their kidneys from getting worse. After watching over 2,600 patients for about 2 years, they found that those who took atrasentan were less likely to have serious kidney problems than those who took the fake pill. However, the medicine did make some people hold on to water or have anemia, and a few more people went to the hospital for heart problems compared to the fake pill group. The study showed that atrasentan might help protect the kidneys in people with diabetes, but doctors have to be careful about the water buildup and other side effects.

Disclaimer: This summary service is experimental and automatically generated using AI technology. Please speak with your medical care provider before using any information on this site to inform your health care.